Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 12;13(11):4044. doi: 10.3390/nu13114044.
Trace elements play an important role in metabolism. We compared the daily intake and serum concentrations of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance status in a representative U.S. population. Daily intake and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Se in 5087 adults from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined and compared to normal (NGT) and abnormal (AGT) glucose tolerance and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Other than Zn deficiency (21.15%), the prevalence of Zn, Se, and Cu excess and Se and Cu deficiency were low (<4.00%). As compared to the NGT group, Cu and Se supplementation was higher in the AGT and DM groups ( < 0.0001 for all). Serum Se and Zn, but not Cu, concentrations were highly correlated with daily intake ( < 0.0001 for both). As compared to the NGT group, serum Cu concentration was highest in the AGT group ( = 0.03), serum Se concentration was highest in the DM group ( < 0.0001), and serum Zn concentration was highest in the AGT group ( < 0.0001). Serum Se and Zn concentration was correlated with daily Se and Zn intake. Even within the reference range for serum Cu, Se, and Zn concentrations, a higher serum concentration of Cu, Se, and Zn was associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. Although the casual relationship remains to be elucidated, these data suggest caution in Cu, Se and Zn supplementation in non-deficient individuals.
微量元素在新陈代谢中发挥着重要作用。我们比较了美国代表性人群中不同葡萄糖耐量人群的铜（Cu）、硒（Se）和锌（Zn）的日常摄入量和血清浓度。我们检查了 2011-2016 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）中 5087 名成年人的 Cu、Zn 和 Se 的日常摄入量和血清浓度，并将其与正常（NGT）和异常（AGT）葡萄糖耐量以及糖尿病（DM）进行了比较。除了缺锌（21.15%）外，Zn、Se 和 Cu 过量以及 Se 和 Cu 缺乏的患病率较低（<4.00%）。与 NGT 组相比，AGT 和 DM 组的 Cu 和 Se 补充量更高（所有 P<0.0001）。血清 Se 和 Zn 浓度与每日摄入量高度相关（两者均 P<0.0001），但 Cu 浓度没有相关性。与 NGT 组相比，AGT 组血清 Cu 浓度最高（=0.03），DM 组血清 Se 浓度最高（P<0.0001），AGT 组血清 Zn 浓度最高（P<0.0001）。血清 Se 和 Zn 浓度与每日 Se 和 Zn 摄入量相关。即使在血清 Cu、Se 和 Zn 浓度的参考范围内，Cu、Se 和 Zn 血清浓度较高也与异常葡萄糖代谢有关。虽然因果关系仍有待阐明，但这些数据表明在非缺乏个体中补充 Cu、Se 和 Zn 时应谨慎。
