Ranalli Giancarlo, Andreotti Alessia, Colombini Maria Perla, Corti Cristina, Paris Debora, Rampazzi Laura, Saviano Gabriella, Vecchio Ramona, Caprari Claudio
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, c.da Fonte Lappone snc, 86090 Pesche, Italy.
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Molecules. 2024 Nov 24;29(23):5543. doi: 10.3390/molecules29235543.
Tattoos have been a ubiquitous phenomenon throughout history. Now, the demand for tattoo removal for aesthetic or practical reasons is growing rapidly. This study outlines the results of field investigations into the chemical and biological removal of tattoo inks (Hexadecachlorinate copper phthalocyanine-CClCuN-CAS no° 1328-53-6). FTIR, Py-GC/MS, and NMR analyses yielded intriguing profiles pertaining to the primary chemical constituents, along with others of an ambiguous nature. A bioremoval protocol was developed on a pork rind surface to simulate human tattooing. Two previously studied microbial strains were included in this analysis: (i) a bacterial culture of 5190 DSMZ viable cells and (ii) a fungal culture of strain NIS4, the latter already isolated and identified. A combination of physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses, along with microscopic observations, was conducted. In our experimental conditions, inocula from environmental samples (soil and compost) were capable of inducing changes in even trace organic matter (glycerin and additives in pigments) used as a binder in emulsifiers in tattoo inks. Furthermore, the two microbial strains demonstrated promising potential for removing green tattoo ink. Finally, wastewater effluents containing green ink were recovered via electrochemical treatment, and the environmental impact in terms of the CO equivalent of our experiments was assessed. The results are promising and warrant further investigation into the innovative biological and chemical removal of tattoo inks from human skin and wastewater, respectively.
纹身自古以来就是一种普遍存在的现象。如今，出于审美或实际原因，去除纹身的需求正在迅速增长。本研究概述了对纹身墨水（十六氯铜酞菁 - CClCuN - CAS编号1328 - 53 - 6）进行化学和生物去除的实地调查结果。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热解气相色谱/质谱联用仪（Py - GC/MS）和核磁共振（NMR）分析得出了与主要化学成分相关的有趣图谱，以及其他性质不明确的成分。在猪皮表面制定了一种生物去除方案以模拟人体纹身。该分析纳入了两种先前研究过的微生物菌株：（i）5190 DSMZ活细胞的细菌培养物和（ii）NIS4菌株的真菌培养物，后者已被分离和鉴定。进行了物理、化学和微生物分析以及显微镜观察的综合研究。在我们的实验条件下，环境样品（土壤和堆肥）中的接种物能够引起纹身墨水中用作乳化剂粘合剂的微量有机物（甘油和颜料添加剂）的变化。此外，这两种微生物菌株在去除绿色纹身墨水方面显示出有前景的潜力。最后，通过电化学处理回收了含绿色墨水的废水，并评估了我们实验在二氧化碳当量方面的环境影响。结果很有前景，有必要分别对从人体皮肤和废水中创新去除纹身墨水的生物和化学方法进行进一步研究。
