Nuzzo Domenico, Girgenti Antonella, Palumbo Laura, Naselli Flores, Bavetta Martina, Marfia Giovanni, Picone Pasquale
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 26;25(23):12672. doi: 10.3390/ijms252312672.
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by brain lesions that limit normal daily activities and represent a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, with a significant economic impact. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale, where materials exhibit unique properties that are significantly different from their larger counterparts. These properties can be exploited for a wide range of applications, including medicine. Among the emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, nanotechnologies are gaining prominence as a promising avenue to explore. Here, we review the state of the art of biological and artificial vesicles and their biological properties in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, nanometric structures such as extracellular vesicles and artificial vesicles represent a promising tool for the treatment of such disorders due to their size, biocompatibility, and ability to transport drugs, proteins, and genetic material across the blood-brain barrier to target specific cells and brain areas. In the future, a deeper and broader synergy between materials science, bioengineering, biology, medicine, and the discovery of new, increasingly powerful delivery systems will certainly enable a more applied use of nanotechnology in the treatment of brain disorders.
神经退行性疾病的特征是脑部病变，这些病变限制了正常的日常活动，对全球医疗保健系统构成重大挑战，并产生重大经济影响。纳米技术是在纳米尺度上操纵物质的科学，在这个尺度上，材料表现出与较大尺寸的同类材料显著不同的独特特性。这些特性可用于广泛的应用，包括医学。在治疗神经退行性疾病的新兴治疗方法中，纳米技术作为一个有前景的探索途径正日益受到关注。在此，我们综述了生物囊泡和人工囊泡的最新技术及其在神经退行性疾病背景下的生物学特性。事实上，诸如细胞外囊泡和人工囊泡等纳米结构因其大小、生物相容性以及将药物、蛋白质和遗传物质转运穿过血脑屏障以靶向特定细胞和脑区的能力，而成为治疗此类疾病的有前景的工具。未来，材料科学、生物工程、生物学、医学以及新型、越来越强大的递送系统的发现之间更深入、更广泛的协同作用，必将使纳米技术在脑部疾病治疗中的应用更加广泛。
