Simões Sónia
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LAETA/INEGI-Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Rua Doutor Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 7;17(23):5997. doi: 10.3390/ma17235997.
This review examines high-performance advanced composites (HPACs) for lightweight, high-strength, and multi-functional applications. Fiber-reinforced composites, particularly those utilizing carbon, glass, aramid, and nanofibers, are highlighted for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties. These materials enable diverse applications, including in the aerospace, automotive, energy, and defense sectors. In extreme conditions, matrix materials-polymers, metals, and ceramics-and advanced reinforcement materials must be carefully chosen to optimize performance and durability. Significant advancements in manufacturing techniques, such as automated and additive methods, have improved precision, reduced waste, and created highly customized and complex structures. Multifunctional composites integrating structural properties with energy storage and sensing capabilities are emerging as a breakthrough aligned with the trend toward smart material systems. Despite these advances, challenges such as recyclability, scalability, cost, and robust quality assurance remain. Addressing these issues will require the development of sustainable and bio-based composites, alongside efficient recycling solutions, to minimize their environmental impact and ensure long-term technological viability. The development of hybrid composites and nanocomposites to achieve multifunctionality while maintaining structural integrity will also be described.
本综述探讨了用于轻量化、高强度和多功能应用的高性能先进复合材料（HPACs）。纤维增强复合材料，特别是那些使用碳、玻璃、芳纶和纳米纤维的复合材料，因其卓越的机械、热和环境性能而受到关注。这些材料可实现多种应用，包括航空航天、汽车、能源和国防领域。在极端条件下，必须仔细选择基体材料（聚合物、金属和陶瓷）和先进增强材料，以优化性能和耐久性。制造技术的重大进步，如自动化和增材制造方法，提高了精度、减少了浪费，并制造出高度定制化和复杂的结构。将结构性能与能量存储和传感能力相结合的多功能复合材料正在成为一种突破，符合智能材料系统的发展趋势。尽管取得了这些进展，但可回收性、可扩展性、成本和强大的质量保证等挑战仍然存在。解决这些问题需要开发可持续和生物基复合材料，以及高效的回收解决方案，以尽量减少其环境影响并确保长期的技术可行性。还将介绍为实现多功能性同时保持结构完整性而开发的混合复合材料和纳米复合材料。
