Ivanescu Adriana, Popescu Simona, Gaita Laura, Albai Oana, Braha Adina, Timar Romulus
Department of Second Internal Medicine Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, and Systemic Rheumatology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Opticlass Ophtalmology Clinic, 300012 Timisoara, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2024 Nov 21;13(23):7005. doi: 10.3390/jcm13237005.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most impactful health problems worldwide. It affects ocular health in multiple ways and is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Our study aimed to evaluate the most important systemic risk factors related to the occurrence of cataracts in patients with DM. This study evaluated a final number of 319 participants who were previously diagnosed with DM. For all patients, we retrieved data regarding DM status, metabolic control, demographic and anthropometric indices, and generally associated comorbidities from their medical charts. A comprehensive eye examination was performed on all patients. The main studied risk factors were hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis, which were present among the entire population. Hypertension (67.6%), DPN (53.3%), and dyslipidemia (46.6%) were highly prevalent in the cataract subgroup, and CKD ( < 0.001) and DPN ( = 0.019) were found to be predictive factors for the probability of cataract occurrence. Ophthalmologic evaluation was used to assess the presence of ocular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic maculopathy. DR reached statistically significant values in the occurence of cataracts. Patients' age and DM-related factors, such as disease duration ( < 0.001) and HbA1c values ( = 0.029), significantly increased the risk of cataracts. Smoking was self-reported by 24.8% of the patients, with a significant impact on the occurrence of cataracts ( = 0.04). Patients with DM who exhibit a longer disease duration and poor glycemic control in conjunction with systemic comorbidities present a higher risk of developing cataracts; consequently, a strict therapeutic approach regarding these risk factors is needed.
糖尿病（DM）是全球最具影响力的健康问题之一。它以多种方式影响眼部健康，是视力丧失的主要原因之一。我们的研究旨在评估与糖尿病患者白内障发生相关的最重要的全身风险因素。本研究评估了最终319名先前被诊断为糖尿病的参与者。对于所有患者，我们从他们的病历中检索了有关糖尿病状态、代谢控制、人口统计学和人体测量指标以及一般相关合并症的数据。对所有患者进行了全面的眼部检查。主要研究的风险因素包括高血压、心血管疾病（CVD）、慢性肾病（CKD）、糖尿病性多发性神经病变（DPN）、血脂异常和肝脂肪变性，这些在整个人口中都存在。高血压（67.6%）、DPN（53.3%）和血脂异常（46.6%）在白内障亚组中高度流行，并且发现CKD（<0.001）和DPN（=0.019）是白内障发生概率的预测因素。眼科评估用于评估眼部并发症的存在，如糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和糖尿病性黄斑病变。DR在白内障的发生中达到统计学显著值。患者的年龄和与糖尿病相关的因素，如病程（<0.001）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）值（=0.029），显著增加了白内障的风险。据24.8%的患者自我报告有吸烟情况，这对白内障的发生有显著影响（=0.04）。病程较长且血糖控制不佳并伴有全身合并症的糖尿病患者发生白内障的风险更高；因此，需要针对这些风险因素采取严格的治疗方法。
