Call Christine C, Jouppi Riley J, Emery Tavernier Rebecca L, Grace Jennifer L, Sweeney Gina M, Conlon Rachel P K, Ferguson Emma A, Levine Michele D
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
Appetite. 2025 Feb 1;206:107828. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107828. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Pregnancy is characterized by biopsychosocial changes that impact appetite, eating and weight. Understanding pregnant individuals' attitudes toward eating and weight can provide insight into prenatal health behavior. Accordingly, we developed and performed initial psychometric testing of a self-report measure, the Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q), among individuals with pre-pregnancy BMI≥25. Pregnant participants with pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 (N = 213), who predominantly identified as racially minoritized (51% Black/African American) and lower income (66% ≤$30,000/year), enrolled in a longitudinal study. Participants completed 25 candidate PEA-Q items and eating- and weight-related measures. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to determine PEA-Q factor structure, calculated internal consistency coefficients of the extracted factors, and assessed convergent and discriminant validity. An 11-item, three-factor solution produced excellent model fit. Factors were interpreted as Permissive Eating and Weight Attitudes (e.g., "Pregnancy is a 'free pass' to eat any type of food that I want; " α = .82), Intentional Eating Changes (e.g., "I need to eat more food each day because I am pregnant; " α = .81), and Lack of Worry about Eating and Weight (e.g., "I am not concerned about eating too much now that I am pregnant; " α = .83). Each factor showed small-to-moderate correlations with measures of gestational weight gain and/or dietary intake and was not correlated with eating pathology measures, demonstrating adequate convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. This novel self-report measure seems to adequately capture pregnancy-related attitudes toward eating and weight among pregnant individuals with BMI≥25. Further testing is required to confirm these preliminary findings and determine generalizability.
怀孕的特点是会出现影响食欲、饮食和体重的生物心理社会变化。了解孕妇对饮食和体重的态度有助于洞察产前健康行为。因此，我们针对孕前体重指数（BMI）≥25的人群，开发并进行了一项自我报告测量工具——孕期饮食态度问卷（PEA-Q）的初步心理测量测试。孕前BMI≥25的孕妇（N = 213）参与了一项纵向研究，这些孕妇主要为少数族裔（51%为黑人/非裔美国人）且收入较低（66%年收入≤30,000美元）。参与者完成了25个PEA-Q候选项目以及与饮食和体重相关的测量。我们进行了探索性因素分析以确定PEA-Q的因素结构，计算提取因素的内部一致性系数，并评估收敛效度和区分效度。一个包含11个项目的三因素解决方案产生了出色的模型拟合度。这些因素被解释为宽松的饮食和体重态度（例如，“怀孕是吃任何我想吃的食物的‘通行证’”；α = 0.82）、有意识的饮食改变（例如，“因为我怀孕了，所以我每天需要吃更多食物”；α = 0.81）以及对饮食和体重缺乏担忧（例如，“我怀孕后不担心吃太多”；α = 0.83）。每个因素与孕期体重增加和/或饮食摄入量的测量显示出小到中等程度的相关性，并且与饮食病理学测量不相关，分别证明了足够的收敛效度和区分效度。这种新颖的自我报告测量工具似乎能够充分捕捉BMI≥25的孕妇对饮食和体重的孕期相关态度。需要进一步测试以证实这些初步发现并确定其普遍性。
