Belew Aysheshim Kassahun, Sisay Mekonnen, Baffa Lemlem Daniel, Gasahw Moges, Mengistu Berhanu, Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw, Agimas Muluken Chanie, Abriham Zufan Yiheyis, Angaw Dessie Ababaw, Muhammad Esmeal Ali
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3438. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20918-7.
Even though fragmented and inconsistent findings have been reported in Ethiopia, adolescence is a period of rapid growth following infancy and is severely affected by micronutrient deficiencies, food insecurity, and poor-quality diets. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of dietary diversity and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.
International databases such as EMBASE, Hinari, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and direct Google searches were systematically used to search for articles and reports. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, modified as appropriate, was used for cross-sectional studies to assess the quality of the included articles and reports. A Microsoft Excel sheet was used for data extraction and then exported into STATA version 17 for further analysis. The pooled prevalence of dietary diversity was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis approach. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to evaluate publication bias.
The pooled prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was 43% (95% CI: 30, 56) with significant heterogeneity (I = 99.2%, p = 0.00). Urban residence (OR: 2.46), mother being a government employee (OR: 2.31), attending a private school (OR: 6.24), adolescent having formal maternal education (OR: 4.49), adolescent having formal paternal education (OR: 3.26), father being a government employee (OR: 3.50), father being a merchant employee (OR: 2.51), middle family wealth index (OR: 1.76), household food security (OR: 3.96), receiving nutrition counseling (OR: 2.46), and higher meal frequency (OR: 7.35) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity.
The pooled prevalence of dietary diversity among adolescent girls was low. Factors significantly associated with achieving minimum dietary diversity included urban residence, higher parental education and employment in government, private school attendance, household wealth, food security, receiving nutrition counseling, and higher meal frequency. These findings emphasize the need to improve dietary diversity among rural adolescent girls and food insecure households. Establishing nutrition counseling services could enhance understanding and skills related to a varied diet.
尽管埃塞俄比亚已有零散且不一致的研究结果报道，但青春期是婴儿期之后快速生长的阶段，且严重受微量营养素缺乏、粮食不安全和低质量饮食的影响。因此，本荟萃分析的目的是估计埃塞俄比亚青春期女孩饮食多样性的合并患病率及其相关因素。
系统地利用国际数据库，如EMBASE、Hinari、Scopus、PubMed、谷歌学术搜索以及直接在谷歌上进行搜索，以查找文章和报告。对纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行适当修改后，用于横断面研究，以评估纳入文章和报告的质量。使用Microsoft Excel工作表进行数据提取，然后导入到STATA 17版本中进行进一步分析。采用随机效应荟萃分析方法估计饮食多样性的合并患病率。使用Egger检验和Begg检验评估发表偏倚。
埃塞俄比亚青春期女孩最低饮食多样性的合并患病率为43%（95%置信区间：30，56），存在显著异质性（I = 99.2%，p = 0.00）。城市居住（比值比：2.46）、母亲为政府雇员（比值比：2.31）、就读私立学校（比值比：6.24）、青少年母亲接受过正规教育（比值比：4.49）、青少年父亲接受过正规教育（比值比：3.26）、父亲为政府雇员（比值比：3.50）、父亲为商人雇员（比值比：2.51）、中等家庭财富指数（比值比：1.76）、家庭粮食安全（比值比：3.96）、接受营养咨询（比值比：2.46）以及更高的进餐频率（比值比：7.35）均与最低饮食多样性显著相关。
青春期女孩饮食多样性的合并患病率较低。与实现最低饮食多样性显著相关的因素包括城市居住、父母更高的教育程度和政府工作、就读私立学校、家庭财富、粮食安全、接受营养咨询以及更高的进餐频率。这些研究结果强调了改善农村青春期女孩和粮食不安全家庭饮食多样性的必要性。建立营养咨询服务可以增强与多样化饮食相关的理解和技能。
