Peel Melanie, Hardgrove Emily, Swenson Julie, Clancy Meredith, Marinkovich Matt, Garner Michael M, Haefele Holly, Hernández Benjamín Alcantar, Kubiski Steven V
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2024 Dec;55(4):1095-1103. doi: 10.1638/2024-0024.
Yersiniosis due to can be associated with high morbidity and mortality in various species and has been a cosmopolitan management challenge in zoological institutions. This gram-negative, environmental bacterium thrives in cold, wet conditions and poses a risk to zoo species. Outbreaks can be costly and impact conservation efforts through loss of threatened and endangered species. Antemortem or clinical diagnosis can be challenging due to intermittent fecal shedding and nonspecific clinical signs. This case series describes common clinical presentations, typical postmortem findings, and response to treatment and prophylaxis at four North American zoological institutions. In total, five outbreaks occurred at four institutions during the winter months from 2013 to 2021. Artiodactyls were by far the most common species involved, and clinical signs included separation from the herd, lethargy, diarrhea, and unexpected death. Other species affected in these outbreaks included cheetahs (), a great-tailed grackle (), a rainbow lorikeet (), and a squirrel monkey (). Necrotizing enteritis with sepsis and pneumonia were common postmortem findings. Mortality rates were originally 76.7%, and herd prophylaxis with a third-generation cephalosporin reduced these rates. These data describe the observational and diagnostic tools to aid in timely diagnosis of a outbreak across taxa. Aggressive treatment or prophylaxis were shown to improve survival rates.
由[病原体名称未给出]引起的耶尔森菌病在各种物种中都可能导致高发病率和死亡率，并且一直是动物园机构面临的全球性管理挑战。这种革兰氏阴性环境细菌在寒冷潮湿的条件下茁壮成长，对动物园物种构成风险。疫情爆发可能代价高昂，并通过濒危物种的损失影响保护工作。由于粪便间歇性排出和非特异性临床症状，生前或临床诊断可能具有挑战性。本病例系列描述了北美四个动物园机构中常见的临床表现、典型的死后发现以及对治疗和预防的反应。在2013年至2021年的冬季，四个机构共发生了五次疫情爆发。偶蹄目动物是迄今为止受影响最常见的物种，临床症状包括与群体分离、嗜睡、腹泻和意外死亡。这些疫情中受影响的其他物种包括猎豹（[具体品种未给出]）、一只长尾拟八哥（[具体品种未给出]）、一只虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉（[具体品种未给出]）和一只松鼠猴（[具体品种未给出]）。坏死性肠炎伴败血症和肺炎是常见的死后发现。死亡率最初为76.7%，使用第三代头孢菌素进行群体预防降低了这些比率。这些数据描述了有助于及时诊断跨分类群[病原体名称未给出]疫情的观察和诊断工具。积极的治疗或预防措施显示可提高存活率。
