Qiu Wei, Akanyibah Francis Atim, Xia Yuxuan, Ocansey Dickson Kofi Wiredu, Mao Fei, Liang Yuelan
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China.
Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Feb;55(2). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5474. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Small RNAs have been linked to various illnesses, including IBD and CRC. These small RNAs also serve as potential biomarkers for these diseases, offering a cutting‑edge approach to investigating possible treatments. To date, treatments involving oral nucleic acid usage are still unachievable due to the instability of medications in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), their lack of ability to effectively target disease tissues and their notable adverse effects. However, nanoparticle or exosome delivery systems of nucleic acid medications effectively target disease tissues by overcoming the instability of the GIT, resulting in an effective outcome. In the present review, the biogenesis of small RNAs (tRNA‑derived small RNA, microRNA, small nucleolar RNA and p‑element‑induced wimpy testis‑interacting RNA), their roles in the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC as well as their application as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in IBD and CRC are discussed.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎，是一种与结直肠癌（CRC）风险增加相关的慢性炎症性疾病。小RNA与包括IBD和CRC在内的多种疾病有关。这些小RNA还可作为这些疾病的潜在生物标志物，为研究可能的治疗方法提供了一种前沿途径。迄今为止，由于胃肠道（GIT）中药物的不稳定性、缺乏有效靶向疾病组织的能力以及显著的不良反应，涉及口服核酸的治疗方法仍无法实现。然而，核酸药物的纳米颗粒或外泌体递送系统通过克服GIT的不稳定性有效地靶向疾病组织，从而产生有效的治疗效果。在本综述中，讨论了小RNA（tRNA衍生的小RNA、微小RNA、小核仁RNA和p因子诱导的弱精睾丸相互作用RNA）的生物发生、它们在IBD和CRC发病机制中的作用以及它们作为IBD和CRC可能的诊断和预后生物标志物的应用。
