Li Huimin, Hu Qingxun, Zhu Deqiu, Wu Dan
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2025 May;25(3):307-327. doi: 10.1007/s40256-024-00711-y. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a promising anti-aging molecule that plays a role in cellular energy metabolism and maintains redox homeostasis. Additionally, NAD is involved in regulating deacetylases, DNA repair enzymes, inflammation, and epigenetics, making it indispensable in maintaining the basic functions of cells. Research on NAD has become a hotspot, particularly regarding its potential in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies have demonstrated that NAD plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of CVD. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and consumption of NAD, along with its precursors and their effects on raising NAD levels. We also discuss new mechanisms of NAD regulation in cardiovascular risk factors and its effects of NAD on atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy, elucidating different mechanisms and potential treatments. NAD-centered therapy holds promising advantages and prospects in the field of CVD.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）是一种很有前景的抗衰老分子，在细胞能量代谢中发挥作用并维持氧化还原稳态。此外，NAD还参与调节去乙酰化酶、DNA修复酶、炎症和表观遗传学，使其在维持细胞基本功能方面不可或缺。关于NAD的研究已成为一个热点，特别是其在心血管疾病（CVD）中的潜力。许多研究表明，NAD在CVD的发生和发展中起关键作用。本文综述了NAD的生物合成和消耗，及其前体以及它们对提高NAD水平的影响。我们还讨论了NAD在心血管危险因素中的调节新机制，以及NAD对动脉粥样硬化、主动脉瘤、心力衰竭、高血压、心肌缺血-再灌注损伤、糖尿病性心肌病和扩张型心肌病的影响，阐明了不同的机制和潜在治疗方法。以NAD为中心的治疗在CVD领域具有有前景的优势和前景。
