Shekhar Chander, Khosya Reetu, Sharma Arvind Kumar, Thakur Kushal, Mahajan Danish, Kumar Rakesh, Kumar Sunil, Sharma Amit Kumar
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh Shahpur Campus, 176206, Kangra Himachal Pradesh, India.
Department of Chemistry, Minerva PG College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Indora, 176402, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2025 Jan 25;14(1):tfaf014. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfaf014. eCollection 2025 Feb.
In this developing era, increased anthropogenic activities result in the contamination of natural resources. Different kinds of pollutants threaten the water quality being crucial for the existence of life. There are different sources and routes through which different kinds of pollutants cause health consequences. This systematic review consists of the classification of water pollutants and a particular focus on toxicological studies on aquatic life, soil, plants and humans with a comparative account of conservation technologies. In this study, various databases like Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Web of Science were used to find the most relevant and recent literature till September 2024. Studies were selected based on their focus on classes of water pollutants, routes, their cumulative effects and remediation technologies. This review successfully managed to classify the different water pollutants and found a significant association between their exposure and disorders shown by aquatic life and human health. There is a number of evidence of neurological disorders, reproductive and endocrine disruptions. However, the effect can also be seen in both aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term exposure to water pollutants presents significant health risks and indicates degrading quality of drinking water and aquatic life. This review provides insight into the emergence of pollutants in water and the need for strong preventive policies. It also suggests the necessity of developing cost-effective and advanced conservation technologies for the availability of safe water.
在这个发展的时代，人为活动的增加导致自然资源受到污染。不同种类的污染物威胁着对生命存在至关重要的水质。不同种类的污染物通过不同的来源和途径对健康产生影响。本系统综述包括水污染物的分类，特别关注对水生生物、土壤、植物和人类的毒理学研究，并对保护技术进行了比较说明。在本研究中，使用了Scopus、Science Direct、Google Scholar、Research Gate和Web of Science等各种数据库来查找截至2024年9月最相关和最新的文献。研究的选择基于它们对水污染物类别、途径、累积影响和修复技术的关注。本综述成功地对不同的水污染物进行了分类，并发现它们的暴露与水生生物和人类健康所表现出的紊乱之间存在显著关联。有许多关于神经紊乱、生殖和内分泌干扰的证据。然而，这种影响在水生生态系统和陆地生态系统中都能看到。长期接触水污染物会带来重大健康风险，并表明饮用水质量和水生生物质量在下降。本综述深入探讨了水中污染物的出现以及制定强有力预防政策的必要性。它还表明有必要开发具有成本效益的先进保护技术，以确保安全用水的供应。
