Mokkala Kati, Röytiö Henna, Munukka Eveliina, Pietilä Sami, Ekblad Ulla, Rönnemaa Tapani, Eerola Erkki, Laiho Asta, Laitinen Kirsi
Institute of Biomedicine; Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
Institute of Biomedicine; Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
J Nutr. 2016 Sep;146(9):1694-700. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.235358. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
Increased intestinal permeability may precede adverse metabolic conditions. The extent to which the composition of the gut microbiota and diet contribute to intestinal permeability during pregnancy is unknown.
The aim was to investigate whether the gut microbiota and diet differ according to serum zonulin concentration, a marker of intestinal permeability, in overweight pregnant women.
This cross-sectional study included 100 overweight women [mean age: 29 y; median body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 30] in early pregnancy (<17 wk of gestation; median: 13 wk). Serum zonulin (primary outcome) was determined by using ELISA, gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and dietary intake of macro- and micronutrients from 3-d food diaries. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons and linear regression and Spearman's nonparametric correlations for relations between serum zonulin and other outcome variables.
Women were divided into "low" (<46.4 ng/mL) and "high" (≥46.4 ng/mL) serum zonulin groups on the basis of the median concentration of zonulin (46.4 ng/mL). The richness of the gut microbiota (Chao 1, observed species and phylogenetic diversity) was higher in the low zonulin group than in the high zonulin group (P = 0.01). The abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides and Blautia, and Blautia sp. were lower and of Faecalibacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii higher (P < 0.05) in the low zonulin group than in the high zonulin group. Dietary quantitative intakes of n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fiber, and a range of vitamins and minerals were higher (P < 0.05) in women in the low zonulin group than those in the high zonulin group.
The richness and composition of the gut microbiota and the intake of n-3 PUFAs, fiber, and a range of vitamins and minerals in overweight pregnant women are associated with serum zonulin concentration. Modification of the gut microbiota and diet may beneficially affect intestinal permeability, leading to improved metabolic health of both the mother and fetus. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01922791.
肠道通透性增加可能先于不良代谢状况出现。孕期肠道微生物群组成和饮食对肠道通透性的影响程度尚不清楚。
旨在调查超重孕妇中，肠道微生物群和饮食是否因血清连蛋白浓度（肠道通透性标志物）而异。
这项横断面研究纳入了100名超重孕妇[平均年龄：29岁；体重指数（kg/m²）中位数：30]，处于孕早期（妊娠<17周；中位数：13周）。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清连蛋白（主要结局），通过16S核糖体RNA测序分析肠道微生物群，并根据3天食物日记确定常量和微量营养素的饮食摄入量。采用曼-惠特尼U检验进行成对比较，采用线性回归和斯皮尔曼非参数相关分析血清连蛋白与其他结局变量之间的关系。
根据连蛋白中位数浓度（46.4 ng/mL），将女性分为血清连蛋白“低”组（<46.4 ng/mL）和“高”组（≥46.4 ng/mL）。低连蛋白组肠道微生物群的丰富度（Chao 1、观测物种数和系统发育多样性）高于高连蛋白组（P = 0.01）。低连蛋白组中拟杆菌科和韦荣球菌科、拟杆菌属和布劳特氏菌属以及布劳特氏菌的丰度较低，而粪杆菌属和普拉梭菌的丰度较高（P < 0.05）。低连蛋白组女性的n-3（ω-3）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质的饮食定量摄入量高于高连蛋白组（P < 0.05）。
超重孕妇肠道微生物群的丰富度和组成以及n-3 PUFA、纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质的摄入量与血清连蛋白浓度相关。改变肠道微生物群和饮食可能对肠道通透性产生有益影响，从而改善母亲和胎儿的代谢健康。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov注册，注册号为NCT01922791。
