Wang Lu, Liu Huijuan, Chen Guohui, Wu Qinglu, Xu Songrui, Zhou Qichao, Zhao Yadong, Wang Qiaorong, Yan Ting, Cheng Xiaolong
Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, & Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Dec 21;19:13671-13685. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S498599. eCollection 2024.
Exosomes are vesicles ranging from 30 to 100 nanometers in size that show great potential as carriers for therapeutic uses and drug delivery. Enriching a specific set of miRNAs in exosomes emphasizes the existence of particular sorting mechanisms that manage the targeted cargo packaging. The molecular mechanism for miRNA sorting has not been understood. It is crucial to understand the mechanism of exosome encapsulation to develop its therapeutic potential. In this review, we will explore the particular processes through which exosomes naturally encapsulate miRNA, as well as discuss the effect on tumors after encapsulation of miRNAs. We also summarize the effects of targeted drug delivery using genetic engineering and chemical methods to modify exosome-encapsulated miRNA. Finally, gaining insight into how exosome cargo is sorted could be applied in clinical settings for precise drug delivery and to hinder the progression of diseases.
外泌体是大小在30到100纳米之间的囊泡，作为治疗用途和药物递送的载体显示出巨大潜力。在外泌体中富集特定的一组微小RNA（miRNA），凸显了存在特定的分选机制来管理靶向货物包装。miRNA分选的分子机制尚未明确。了解外泌体封装机制对于开发其治疗潜力至关重要。在本综述中，我们将探讨外泌体自然封装miRNA的具体过程，并讨论miRNA封装后对肿瘤的影响。我们还总结了使用基因工程和化学方法修饰外泌体封装的miRNA进行靶向药物递送的效果。最后，深入了解外泌体货物如何分选可应用于临床环境中进行精确的药物递送并阻碍疾病进展。
