Atmore Lane M, van der Jagt Inge, Boilard Aurélie, Häberle Simone, Blevis Rachel, Dierickx Katrien, Quinlan Liz M, Orton David C, Hufthammer Anne Karin, Barrett James H, Star Bastiaan
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Institute of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Glob Chang Biol. 2024 Dec;30(12):e70010. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70010.
Small pelagic fish support profitable fisheries and are important for food security around the world. Yet, their sustainable management can be hindered by the indiscriminate impacts of simultaneous exploitation of fish from multiple distinct biological populations over extended periods of time. The quantification of such impacts is greatly facilitated by recently developed molecular tools-including diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels for mixed-stock analysis (MSA)-that can accurately detect the population identity of individual fish. However, the biological relevance of such tools over longer periods of time remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that diagnostic SNP panels designed for contemporary MSA in Atlantic herring have a millennium-long biological relevance and applicability. We assign the population identity of ancient Atlantic herring specimens-obtained through famously profitable historic fisheries-up to 1300 years old from eight archaeological sites across Europe. Analyzing contemporary and ancient whole-genome data, we obtain evidence for the long-term mixed-stock exploitation of Atlantic herring. Despite such mixed-stock exploitation, we exclusively identify autumn-spawning herring amongst these archaeological remains, indicative of a specific biological availability or cultural preference for certain herring ecotypes in the past. Moreover, our results show that herring demographic patterns were relatively stable until the dramatic disruptions and stock collapses during the 20th century. We find small but significant reductions in genetic diversity over time, indicating long-term evolutionary consequences from 20th-century stock declines. The long-term applicability of diagnostic SNP panels underscores their biological relevance and cost-effective application for the genetic monitoring of herring stocks and highlights the utility of ancient DNA to obtain insights in herring ecology and population dynamics.
小型中上层鱼类支撑着盈利性渔业，对全球粮食安全至关重要。然而，在较长时期内对多个不同生物种群的鱼类进行同时开发所产生的不加区分的影响，可能会阻碍它们的可持续管理。最近开发的分子工具——包括用于混合群体分析（MSA）的诊断性单核苷酸多态性（SNP）面板——极大地促进了对这种影响的量化，这些工具能够准确检测个体鱼类的种群身份。然而，此类工具在更长时期内的生物学相关性仍不明确。在此，我们证明，为当代大西洋鲱鱼的混合群体分析设计的诊断性SNP面板具有长达千年的生物学相关性和适用性。我们确定了从古欧洲八个考古遗址获取的、距今达1300年之久的古代大西洋鲱鱼标本的种群身份，这些标本来自曾经利润丰厚的著名历史渔业。通过分析当代和古代的全基因组数据，我们获得了大西洋鲱鱼长期混合群体开发利用的证据。尽管存在这种混合群体开发利用情况，但我们在这些考古遗迹中只鉴定出秋季产卵的鲱鱼，这表明过去对某些鲱鱼生态型存在特定的生物可利用性或文化偏好。此外，我们的结果表明，直到20世纪鲱鱼种群遭受巨大破坏和崩溃之前，鲱鱼的种群动态模式相对稳定。我们发现随着时间的推移，遗传多样性虽有小幅但显著的减少，这表明20世纪鲱鱼种群数量下降产生了长期的进化后果。诊断性SNP面板的长期适用性凸显了它们在生物学上的相关性以及对鲱鱼种群进行遗传监测的成本效益，并突出了古代DNA在了解鲱鱼生态学和种群动态方面的效用。
