Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Sci Adv. 2023 Oct 6;9(40):eadh1407. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1407.
The Arctic is experiencing the fastest rates of global warming, leading to shifts in the distribution of its biota and increasing the potential for hybridization. However, genomic evidence of recent hybridization events in the Arctic remains unexpectedly rare. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing of contemporary and 122-year-old historical specimens to investigate the origin of an Arctic hybrid population of Atlantic puffins () on Bjørnøya, Norway. We show that the hybridization between the High Arctic, large-bodied subspecies and the temperate, smaller-sized subspecies began as recently as six generations ago due to an unexpected southward range expansion of Moreover, we find a significant temporal loss of genetic diversity across Arctic and temperate puffin populations. Our observations provide compelling genomic evidence of the impacts of recent distributional shifts and loss of diversity in Arctic communities during the 20th century.
北极地区正经历着全球变暖的最快速度，导致其生物群分布发生变化，并增加了杂交的可能性。然而，北极地区最近杂交事件的基因组证据仍然出人意料地罕见。在这里，我们使用当代和 122 年前的历史样本的全基因组测序来研究挪威比约恩岛大西洋海雀（）的一个北极混合种群的起源。我们表明，由于 的意外向南范围扩张，高纬度、大体型亚种 和温带、较小体型亚种 之间的杂交最近才发生在六代之前。此外，我们发现北极和温带海雀种群的遗传多样性在整个 20 世纪都有显著的时间损失。我们的观察结果提供了令人信服的基因组证据，证明了 20 世纪北极地区生物多样性分布变化和丧失对北极地区社区的影响。
