Cosio Pedro L, Moreno-Simonet Lia, Fernández Daniel, Lloret Mario, Padulles Xavier, Padulles Josep M, Farran-Codina Andreu, Rodas Gil, Cadefau Joan A
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08038, Barcelona, Spain.
Sports Performance Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Rink Hockey, 08970, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 May;125(5):1449-1461. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05694-x. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
The aim of this study was to determine whether a soccer match affects the rapid force-generating capacity of the hamstring muscles, given their key role in both horizontal ground reaction force production during sprint biomechanics, and in the deceleration of the shank during the late swing phase, where rapid force production is essential owing to time constraints. Therefore, the research objective was to determine soccer match-induced hamstrings residual fatigue and recovery through rate of torque development (RTD) and associated biochemical parameters.
The recovery kinetics of hamstrings RTD metrics by the 90°:20° test, together with serum biomarkers (creatine kinase, mitochondrial creatine kinase, transaminases, malondialdehyde, irisin), were assessed in 19 male, regional first-division soccer players (age = 20.9 ± 2.0 years, mass = 72.6 ± 11.9 kg, height = 175.9 ± 6.9 cm [mean ± SD]), before a soccer match (MD) and post-24 h (MD), post-48 h (MD) and post-72 h (MD), through a repeated measures design.
Early RTD to 50 ms (p < 0.001, g = -1.24) and 100 ms (p < 0.001, g = -1.06) remained unrecovered on MD in both hamstring muscles. However, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the dominant and non-dominant hamstrings was unrecovered on MD (p = 0.004, g = -0.91; and p = 0.002, g = -0.98, respectively) and recovered on MD (p = 0.057 and p = 0.070, respectively). Further, neuromuscular deficits were coupled with myocyte structural (p = 0.002, g = 1.11) and mitochondrial damage (p = 0.004, g = 0.92) biomarkers.
Based in the findings, early RTD and RTD monitoring, through the 90°:20° IPC test, is a cost-effective method for assessing soccer match-induced hamstring muscles residual fatigue and recovery. Overall, soccer match-induced hamstring residual fatigue is not recovered within a 3-day recovery period. Practitioners can use rapid force production metrics through isometric assessments, providing a simple, non-exhaustive tool, for assessing residual fatigue status during congested competitive periods, to comprehensively balance muscle recovery with optimizing training.
鉴于腘绳肌在短跑生物力学中产生水平地面反作用力以及在摆动后期小腿减速过程中发挥关键作用，而在摆动后期由于时间限制快速产生力量至关重要，本研究旨在确定足球比赛是否会影响腘绳肌快速产生力量的能力。因此，研究目标是通过扭矩发展速率（RTD）及相关生化参数来确定足球比赛引起的腘绳肌残余疲劳和恢复情况。
通过重复测量设计，对19名男性地区一级足球运动员（年龄 = 20.9 ± 2.0岁，体重 = 72.6 ± 11.9千克，身高 = 175.9 ± 6.9厘米[均值±标准差]）在足球比赛前（MD）、比赛后24小时（MD）、48小时（MD）和72小时（MD），采用90°:20°测试评估腘绳肌RTD指标的恢复动力学，以及血清生物标志物（肌酸激酶、线粒体肌酸激酶、转氨酶、丙二醛、鸢尾素）。
在比赛日，两侧腘绳肌早期至50毫秒（p < 0.001，g = -1.24）和100毫秒（p < 0.001，g = -1.06）的RTD仍未恢复。然而，优势侧和非优势侧腘绳肌的最大自主等长收缩（MVIC）扭矩在比赛日未恢复（分别为p = 0.004，g = -0.91；p = 0.002，g = -0.98），在比赛后24小时恢复（分别为p = 0.057和p = 0.070）。此外，神经肌肉功能缺陷与心肌细胞结构（p = 0.002，g = 1.11）和线粒体损伤（p = 0.004，g = 0.92）生物标志物相关。
基于研究结果，通过90°:20°IPC测试进行早期RTD和RTD监测，是评估足球比赛引起的腘绳肌残余疲劳和恢复情况的一种经济有效的方法。总体而言，足球比赛引起的腘绳肌残余疲劳在3天的恢复期内无法恢复。从业者可以通过等长评估使用快速力量产生指标，提供一种简单、非详尽的工具，用于评估密集竞争期的残余疲劳状态，以全面平衡肌肉恢复与优化训练。
