Focaroli Valentina, Chiaro Marina, Battaglia Maria Vittoria, Guidetti Laura, Velardi Andrea
Department of Economic, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Niccolò Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Science, Link University, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;12(12):348. doi: 10.3390/sports12120348.
Doping prevention transcends elite sports, highlighting a broader societal challenge where performance enhancement is driven by pressures to increase strength, beauty, and status. This issue extends to adolescents and non-competitive sports participants, where self-optimization pressures are increasingly normalized. Research underscores the need for tailored educational interventions that go beyond punitive measures, fostering ethical decision-making and personal responsibility. The recent literature emphasizes that addressing psychological protective factors, such as self-efficacy and emotional regulation, can effectively mitigate substance use risks. The project "Sport Informa" involved the educational community and adolescents between the ages of 16 and 19, with the goal of providing knowledge about the phenomenon of doping and acquiring tools useful for enhancing self-esteem and self-management skills, in order to prevent the risk of doping by promoting a balanced psychophysical development in young people. A 16 h online training program was delivered to high school teachers. The training provided knowledge about doping, its psychological and social implications, and practical tools for promoting protective factors in students. A longitudinal design was employed, with data collected before and after the intervention using validated psychometric tools, including the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Results showed significant improvements in teachers' psychological dimensions, particularly in self-efficacy and emotional regulation, which they subsequently applied in their interactions with students. Finally, a survey was conducted with young participants who took part in the project activities to assess their self-evaluation of key factors relevant to designing future educational interventions and events aimed at preventing doping use.
反兴奋剂工作超越了精英体育范畴，凸显了一个更广泛的社会挑战，即提高力量、美貌和地位的压力驱使人们提升自身表现。这个问题延伸到了青少年和非竞技体育参与者，在他们当中，自我优化的压力越来越常态化。研究强调需要采取量身定制的教育干预措施，而不仅仅是惩罚性措施，要培养道德决策能力和个人责任感。最近的文献强调，解决心理保护因素，如自我效能感和情绪调节能力，可以有效降低药物使用风险。“体育资讯”项目让教育界和16至19岁的青少年参与其中，目的是提供有关兴奋剂现象的知识，并获取有助于增强自尊和自我管理技能的工具，以通过促进年轻人身心的平衡发展来预防使用兴奋剂的风险。为高中教师提供了一个16小时的在线培训项目。该培训提供了有关兴奋剂、其心理和社会影响的知识，以及在学生中促进保护因素的实用工具。采用了纵向设计，在干预前后使用经过验证的心理测量工具收集数据，包括自我效能量表、自我同情量表和情绪调节问卷。结果显示教师的心理维度有显著改善，特别是在自我效能感和情绪调节方面，他们随后将这些应用到与学生的互动中。最后，对参与项目活动的年轻参与者进行了一项调查，以评估他们对与设计未来旨在预防使用兴奋剂的教育干预措施和活动相关的关键因素的自我评估。
