Sibhat Berhanu, Adamu Haileeyesus, Benti Teferi, Tuli Getachew, Asmare Kassahun, Lindahl Johanna F, Magnusson Ulf, Tessema Tesfaye Sisay
Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia.
Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 3;11(12):620. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11120620.
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to the disease. Data were collected from 2133 animals across 149 households (HHs) in Dubti and Amibara districts, Afar region, Ethiopia. Blood samples from livestock and household data were collected, and interviews were conducted on husbandry and dairy consumption practices. Sera were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity to anti- antibodies was 8% (95% CI, 6.6-9.2). The antibodies were found in 12.4%, 6.5%, 6%, and 3% of the goats, cattle, camels, and sheep, respectively. Among the HHs, 59.7% had at least one seropositive animal. A mixed-effects logistic regression analysis revealed species and the acquisition of new animals (in cattle and camels), and age and district (in sheep, goats, and cattle) as significant risk factors. Goats, cattle, and camels had significantly higher odds of seropositivity than sheep ( < 0.05). Seropositivity was significantly higher ( < 0.05) in adults than in young animals, in acquired than in homebred (cattle and camels), and in those with reproductive disorders than those without. Pastoralists lacked knowledge of brucellosis and its modes of transmission, while practices exposing humans and livestock to brucellosis were common. The findings underscore the need for public awareness campaigns and implementation of brucellosis control measures in pastoral systems.
布鲁氏菌病是一种常见的人畜共患病，在全球范围内影响着牲畜和人类。该病在埃塞俄比亚的牲畜中呈地方性流行。本研究旨在估计牲畜的血清阳性率，确定其风险因素，以及可能使牧民接触该疾病的行为。研究数据来自埃塞俄比亚阿法尔州杜比蒂和阿米巴拉地区149个家庭的2133头牲畜。采集了牲畜的血样和家庭数据，并就饲养管理和奶制品消费行为进行了访谈。血清样本先后采用玫瑰红试验和间接酶联免疫吸附测定法进行检测。抗布鲁氏菌抗体的总体血清阳性率为8%（95%置信区间为6.6%-9.2%）。在山羊、牛、骆驼和绵羊中检测到抗体的比例分别为12.4%、6.5%、6%和3%。在这些家庭中，59.7%至少有一头血清阳性动物。混合效应逻辑回归分析显示，物种以及新购入动物（牛和骆驼）、年龄和地区（绵羊、山羊和牛）是显著的风险因素。山羊、牛和骆驼的血清阳性几率显著高于绵羊（P<0.05）。血清阳性率在成年动物中显著高于幼年动物（P<0.05），在购入动物中高于自家养殖动物（牛和骆驼），在患有生殖系统疾病的动物中高于无生殖系统疾病的动物（P<0.05）。牧民缺乏对布鲁氏菌病及其传播方式的了解，而使人类和牲畜接触布鲁氏菌病的行为很常见。研究结果强调了在牧区开展公众宣传活动和实施布鲁氏菌病控制措施的必要性。
