College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e1231-e1252. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14495. Epub 2022 Mar 4.
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of considerable economic and public health significance globally. Despite the limited bacteriological evidence, a large number of serological works revealed that it is prevalent both in livestock and humans in Ethiopia. The current comprehensive review was carried out to provide apparent pooled seroprevalence (APS) estimates at individual animal and herd levels in livestock, and identify factors causing variability between studies conducted over the last two decades, show the spatial distribution, as well as summarizes Brucella species reported from livestock. It also provides APS of brucellosis in humans and evaluates the public health awareness of zoonotic brucellosis. In this review, systematic and synthetic review approaches were followed to summarize the available information. For the systematic review and meta-analysis, articles were selected based on predefined criteria. Data extracted from these articles were analysed using meta-analytical approaches to provide APS estimates and in-between study variations for humans and all livestock species considered. Sensitivity analyses and bias assessments were conducted using influence plot analysis and, Egger's and Begg's statistics along with funnel plots, respectively. Synthetic review approaches were used to summarize data on isolates and public health awareness. Pooled seroprevalence estimate of brucellosis at national level was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2-3.0) in cattle, 4% (95% CI: 3.1-5.1) in goats, 3% (95% CI: 2.3-3.9) in sheep and 3% (95% CI: 2.4-3.7) in camels. At a herd level, 16.3% (95% CI: 12.9-20.5) of cattle, 12.1% (7.1-19.9) of goat, 13.3% (7.6-22.1) of sheep and 19.7% (13.8-27.4) of camel herds in the country had at least one seropositive animal. Cattle in the pastoral/agropastoral production systems had significantly higher (p < .05) APS compared to mixed crop-livestock and urban/peri-urban dairy production systems. Pooled seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants (8.3%, 95% CI: 6.3-10.8) and camels (4.4%, 95% CI: 3.5-5.6) in Afar were significantly higher (p < .05) than in other regions. Reports conducted using ELISA and serial Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT)-ELISA had higher (p < .05) APS estimates than serial RBPT and complement fixation test. Brucella melitensis and B. abortus were reported from goats and cattle, respectively, from three available reports. The APS of brucellosis in humans was 5% (95% CI: 3.3-7.3). Public awareness of brucellosis was low (18.4%), while, practices that expose humans to Brucella infection were high. Scenario-based control interventions on regions and production systems using one health approach are suggested.
布鲁氏菌病是一种具有重要经济和公共卫生意义的人畜共患疾病。尽管细菌学证据有限，但大量血清学研究表明，埃塞俄比亚的牲畜和人类中都普遍存在布鲁氏菌病。目前进行了全面的综述，以提供牲畜个体和群体水平的明显血清流行率（APS）估计值，并确定过去二十年进行的研究之间存在差异的原因，展示空间分布，并总结报告来自牲畜的布鲁氏菌种。它还提供了人类布鲁氏菌病的 APS，并评估了人畜共患病布鲁氏菌病的公共卫生意识。在本次综述中，采用了系统综合评价方法来总结现有信息。对于系统评价和荟萃分析，根据预先确定的标准选择文章。从这些文章中提取的数据使用荟萃分析方法进行分析，以提供人类和所有考虑的牲畜物种的 APS 估计值和研究之间的差异。使用影响图分析以及 Egger 和 Begg 统计以及漏斗图分别进行敏感性分析和偏差评估。采用综合评价方法总结分离株和公共卫生意识的数据。国家一级牛的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率估计值为 2.6%（95%CI：2.2-3.0），山羊为 4%（95%CI：3.1-5.1），绵羊为 3%（95%CI：2.3-3.9），骆驼为 3%（95%CI：2.4-3.7）。在畜群水平上，该国 16.3%（95%CI：12.9-20.5）的牛、12.1%（7.1-19.9）的山羊、13.3%（7.6-22.1）的绵羊和 19.7%（13.8-27.4）的骆驼群中至少有一只血清阳性动物。在游牧/农牧生产系统中的牛与混合作物-牲畜和城市/城郊奶牛生产系统相比，具有显著更高的（p<.05）APS。小型反刍动物（8.3%，95%CI：6.3-10.8）和骆驼（4.4%，95%CI：3.5-5.6）的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率在阿法尔地区明显更高（p<.05）。使用 ELISA 和连续虎红平板试验（RBPT）-ELISA 进行的报告具有更高的（p<.05）APS 估计值，而连续 RBPT 和补体固定试验则较低。从三份现有报告中分别报告了来自山羊和牛的布鲁氏菌 melitensis 和 B. abortus。人类布鲁氏菌病的 APS 为 5%（95%CI：3.3-7.3）。对布鲁氏菌病的公众认识度较低（18.4%），而使人类接触布鲁氏菌感染的做法却很高。建议采用基于同一健康方法对不同地区和生产系统进行基于情景的控制干预。
