Beyond punishment: psychological foundations of restorative interventions.

Work on the psychology of justice has largely focused on punishment. However, punishment is not our only strategy for dealing with conflict. Rather, emerging work suggests that people often respond to transgressions by compensating victims, involving third-party mediators, and engaging in forgiveness. These responses are linked in that they are involved in more restorative than retributive justice practices: they center victims as well as (or instead of) perpetrators and can help repair fractured relationships. Work with non-human animals echoes these findings: reconciliation and intervention by third parties play a key role in conflict management across taxa. In this review, we focus on these restorative interventions, with the aim of painting a more complete picture of the psychology of justice.