Razek Layla, Henry Richard S, Jalil Emilia M, Friedman Ruth K, Derrico Monica, Fernandes Biancka, Moura Isabele, Veloso Valdilea G, Grinsztejn Beatriz, Thombs Brett D, Luz Paula M
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
Transgend Health. 2024 Dec 16;9(6):582-590. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2023.0002. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Transgender-based discrimination is associated with poor mental health, unemployment, and poverty. and transgender women (trans women) frequently experience transgender-based discrimination, but associated factors are understudied. Our objective was to identify the factors associated with transgender-based discrimination among trans women from Brazil.
We used data from Transcendendo, a clinic-based cohort of trans women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eligible participants were ≥18 years old, assigned male sex at birth, and self-identified as , transgender women, or other trans feminine identities. We analyzed baseline data for participants enrolled from August 2015 to March 2020. Face-to-face questionnaires collected data on socio-demographics, gender identity and expression, and transgender-based discrimination experience. Factors associated with transgender-based discrimination were evaluated through multivariable linear regression.
Out of the 587 participants, 559 (95%) were included (28 excluded due to missing data). Mean age was 33 years, the majority identified as transgender women (40%), 71% reported current or past sex work, and 43% self-reported as living with HIV. In multivariable regression models, factors significantly associated with transgender-based discrimination included having no supporting or one supporting parental figure (vs. support from both parents), living in poverty (vs. not), and current and past sex work (vs. never).
Trans women without family support, who engaged in sex work or were economically deprived were more prone to transgender-based discrimination. A lack of parental support, the strongest independent predictor of transgender-based discrimination experiences, likely contributes to emotional and structural vulnerabilities.
基于性别的跨性别歧视与心理健康不佳、失业和贫困相关。跨性别女性（变性女性）经常遭受基于性别的跨性别歧视，但相关因素的研究较少。我们的目标是确定巴西变性女性中与基于性别的跨性别歧视相关的因素。
我们使用了来自巴西里约热内卢一家诊所的变性女性队列研究“超越”的数据。符合条件的参与者年龄≥18岁，出生时被指定为男性，且自我认同为变性女性或其他跨性别女性身份。我们分析了2015年8月至2020年3月入组参与者的基线数据。通过面对面问卷调查收集社会人口统计学、性别认同和表达以及基于性别的跨性别歧视经历的数据。通过多变量线性回归评估与基于性别的跨性别歧视相关的因素。
在587名参与者中，559名（95%）被纳入研究（28名因数据缺失被排除）。平均年龄为33岁，大多数人认同自己为变性女性（40%），71%的人报告目前或过去从事性工作，43%的人自我报告感染了艾滋病毒。在多变量回归模型中，与基于性别的跨性别歧视显著相关的因素包括没有支持或只有一方支持的父母（与父母双方都支持相比）、生活贫困（与不贫困相比）以及目前和过去从事性工作（与从未从事相比）。
没有家庭支持、从事性工作或经济贫困的变性女性更容易遭受基于性别的跨性别歧视。缺乏父母支持是基于性别的跨性别歧视经历的最强独立预测因素，可能导致情感和结构上的脆弱性。
