一项在线食品购物干预措施对减少高血压患者食盐购买量的效果——“盐之变”在线杂货购物（OGS）随机试验的结果
Effectiveness of an online food shopping intervention to reduce salt purchases among individuals with hypertension - findings of the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping (OGS) randomised trial.
作者信息
Wu Jason Hy, Maganja Damian, Huang Liping, Trieu Kathy, Taylor Fraser, Barrett Eden M, Arnott Clare, Feng Xiaoqi, Schutte Aletta E, Di Tanna Gian Luca, Mhurchu Cliona Ni, Cameron Adrian J, Huffman Mark D, Neal Bruce
机构信息
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 18, International Towers 3, 300 Barangaroo Ave, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
出版信息
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2024 Dec 30;21(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12966-024-01700-9.
BACKGROUND
Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.
METHODS
This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia. From July 2021 to June 2023, participants were randomised to use the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping web browser extension or continue their usual grocery shopping for 12 weeks. The SaltSwitch extension modified a retailer's online shopping interface to suggest similar but lower sodium alternative products to those initially selected. The primary outcome was the difference in mean sodium density (mg sodium per 1000 kcal of energy) of packaged food purchases between the intervention and control groups.
RESULTS
We randomised 185 participants of average age 56.0 (SD 11.0) years. Most were women (64%), White (89%), had BMI > 25 kg/m (91%), and were taking anti-hypertensive medication (83%). Demographic and medical characteristics were similar across the randomised groups. 182 (98%) completed the trial. Over the 12-week intervention, the sodium density of groceries purchased by the intervention group compared to the control group was 204 mg/1000 kcal lower (95%CI, -352 to -56) (P = 0.01). The reduction in sodium density of purchases was apparent in weeks 1-4 and sustained through the end of the trial. 86% of participants in the intervention group made at least one switch to a lower sodium product. There were no detectable effects on blood pressure, spot urine sodium concentration, or other secondary outcomes across the 12-week study period.
CONCLUSIONS
Online shopping platforms provide a novel opportunity to support purchases of lower sodium foods. While the reductions in sodium density of purchases were moderate in size, population health benefits could nonetheless be large if they were sustained over time and at scale, with large and growing numbers of online grocery shoppers and a high prevalence of elevated blood pressure amongst adults.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ACTRN12621000642886.
背景
在许多国家，网上购买食品杂货的人数日益增加。我们研究了使用网络浏览器扩展程序促使消费者购买低钠产品的效果。
方法
本试验在澳大利亚患有高血压且在网上购买食品杂货的人群中进行。2021年7月至2023年6月，参与者被随机分为两组，一组使用“盐切换”网上食品杂货购物网络浏览器扩展程序，另一组继续按其惯常方式购买食品杂货，为期12周。“盐切换”扩展程序修改了零售商的在线购物界面，以推荐与最初所选产品类似但钠含量更低的替代产品。主要结局是干预组和对照组购买的包装食品的平均钠密度（每1000千卡能量中的钠毫克数）之差。
结果
我们将185名平均年龄为56.0（标准差11.0）岁的参与者进行了随机分组。大多数为女性（64%），白人（89%），体重指数>25kg/m²（91%），且正在服用抗高血压药物（83%）。随机分组的各组之间人口统计学和医学特征相似。182名（98%）完成了试验。在为期12周的干预期间，干预组购买的食品杂货的钠密度与对照组相比低204mg/1000千卡（95%置信区间，-352至-56）（P=0.01）。购买的钠密度降低在第1至4周很明显，并持续到试验结束。干预组86%的参与者至少更换了一次产品，选择了钠含量更低的产品。在为期12周的研究期间，未发现对血压、即时尿钠浓度或其他次要结局有可检测到的影响。
结论
在线购物平台为支持购买低钠食品提供了一个新机会。虽然购买的钠密度降低幅度适中，但如果随着时间的推移且达到一定规模持续下去，鉴于网上食品杂货购物者数量众多且不断增加，以及成年人中高血压患病率很高，对人群健康的益处可能会很大。
试验注册号
ACTRN12621000642886。
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