Henschel Andreas, Saif-Ali Riyadh, Al-Habori Molham, Kamarul Syafiq Azman, Pagani Luca, Al Hageh Cynthia, Porcu Emilio, Taleb Nassim Nicolas, Platt Daniel, Zalloua Pierre
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31704. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81615-4.
While a broad consensus about the first successful migration modern humans out of Africa seems established, the peopling of Arabia remains somewhat enigmatic. Identifying the ancestral populations that contributed to the gene pool of the current populations inhabiting Arabia and the impact of their contributions remains a challenging task. We investigate the genetic makeup of the current Yemeni population using 46 whole genomes and 169 genotype arrays derived from Yemeni individuals from all geographic regions across Yemen and 351 genotype arrays derived from neighboring populations providing regional context. Principal Component Analysis shows stratification between Yemen districts but also with respect to nearby populations: Yemeni, other Arabian and Bedouin samples form a continuum towards the populations of the Levant, whereas East Africa and India appear strongly differentiated. This finding is further supported by higher Principal Components, admixture and haplogroup analyses, and F-statistics. Moreover, two-reference linkage disequilibrium decay estimates are most significant for Yemeni admixture from an ancient northern influx (up to 5220BP from Palestine) and East Africa (750BP). We show that the initial gene flow into the Yemeni populations of today came from the rest of Arabia and the Levant, and a less substantial and more recent genetic impact into coastal Yemen from East Africa, particularly.
虽然关于现代人类首次成功迁出非洲的观点似乎已达成广泛共识，但阿拉伯半岛的人口迁徙情况仍有些神秘。确定对现今居住在阿拉伯半岛的人群基因库有贡献的祖先群体及其贡献的影响仍是一项具有挑战性的任务。我们利用46个全基因组和169个基因型阵列来研究现今也门人群的基因构成，这些样本来自也门各地理区域的也门个体，以及351个来自邻近人群的基因型阵列以提供区域背景。主成分分析显示也门不同地区之间以及与附近人群之间存在分层：也门、其他阿拉伯和贝都因样本形成了一个朝向黎凡特人群的连续统，而东非和印度人群则表现出明显的差异。这一发现得到了更高阶主成分分析、混合分析、单倍群分析以及F统计量的进一步支持。此外，两个参考连锁不平衡衰减估计对于也门人群来自古代北方（来自巴勒斯坦，距今可达5220年）和东非（距今750年）的混合最为显著。我们表明，现今也门人群最初的基因流动来自阿拉伯半岛其他地区和黎凡特，特别是东非对也门沿海地区的基因影响较小且较晚。
