Lazaridis Iosif, Nadel Dani, Rollefson Gary, Merrett Deborah C, Rohland Nadin, Mallick Swapan, Fernandes Daniel, Novak Mario, Gamarra Beatriz, Sirak Kendra, Connell Sarah, Stewardson Kristin, Harney Eadaoin, Fu Qiaomei, Gonzalez-Fortes Gloria, Jones Eppie R, Roodenberg Songül Alpaslan, Lengyel György, Bocquentin Fanny, Gasparian Boris, Monge Janet M, Gregg Michael, Eshed Vered, Mizrahi Ahuva-Sivan, Meiklejohn Christopher, Gerritsen Fokke, Bejenaru Luminita, Blüher Matthias, Campbell Archie, Cavalleri Gianpiero, Comas David, Froguel Philippe, Gilbert Edmund, Kerr Shona M, Kovacs Peter, Krause Johannes, McGettigan Darren, Merrigan Michael, Merriwether D Andrew, O'Reilly Seamus, Richards Martin B, Semino Ornella, Shamoon-Pour Michel, Stefanescu Gheorghe, Stumvoll Michael, Tönjes Anke, Torroni Antonio, Wilson James F, Yengo Loic, Hovhannisyan Nelli A, Patterson Nick, Pinhasi Ron, Reich David
Nature. 2016 Aug 25;536(7617):419-24. doi: 10.1038/nature19310. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 bc, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a 'Basal Eurasian' lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.
我们报告了44位古代近东人的全基因组古DNA，时间跨度约为公元前12000年至1400年，涵盖从纳图夫狩猎采集者到青铜时代农民的群体。我们发现，近东最早的人群约一半的血统来自一个“基底欧亚人”谱系，该谱系几乎没有尼安德特人混血，并且在其他非非洲谱系彼此分离之前就已与它们分道扬镳。黎凡特南部（以色列和约旦）和扎格罗斯山脉（伊朗）的首批农民在基因上有很大差异，且各自都起源于当地的狩猎采集者。到青铜时代，这两个人群以及与安纳托利亚相关的农民相互融合，并与欧洲的狩猎采集者混合，从而大大减少了基因差异。近东农民的影响超出了近东地区：与安纳托利亚农民相关的人群向西扩散到欧洲；与黎凡特农民相关的人群向南扩散到东非；与伊朗农民相关的人群向北扩散到欧亚草原；与伊朗早期农民和欧亚草原牧民都相关的人群向东扩散到南亚。
Zotero 插件
