Wang Xuesong, Liddell Robert S, Wen Hai Bo, Davies John E, Ajami Elnaz
Research and Development, ZimVie Dental, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, USA.
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2025 Jan;113(1):e37866. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37866.
Dental implant coronal surfaces designed with the primary goal of maintaining crestal bone levels may also promote bacterial adhesion, leading to soft tissue inflammation and peri-implant bone loss. Achieving an optimal surface roughness that minimizes bacterial adhesion while preserving crestal bone is crucial. It is hypothesized that a specific threshold surface roughness value may exist below which, and above which, initial bacterial adhesion does not statistically change. This study evaluated 12 commercially available and 2 custom-designed implant surfaces for their physicochemical properties and initial bacterial adhesion, as represented by Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) the dominant initial colonizer of the successive waves of bacterial consortia that result in plaque and biofilm formation. Implants were immersed in a S. oralis suspension for 4 h, after which microbial viability was assessed. Marked differences were observed in surface roughness, chemical composition, and wettability, and S. oralis adhesion. Surfaces with Sa > 1 μm had significantly more adherent bacteria after 4 h compared to those with Sa < 1 μm, despite complexity. Adding nanotopography to dual-acid etched surfaces further reduced bacterial adhesion compared to surfaces without these features. The role of chemical composition and wettability was less influential than roughness. In conclusion, there is a cut-off threshold roughness around Sa = 1 μm, above which the adhesion of bacteria increases significantly to a plateau level; while below which, bacterial adhesion is equivalent to a machined surface despite the surface texture of the implant collar.
以维持牙槽嵴骨水平为主要目标设计的牙种植体冠面也可能促进细菌黏附，导致软组织炎症和种植体周围骨丢失。实现最佳表面粗糙度，在保留牙槽嵴骨的同时将细菌黏附降至最低至关重要。据推测，可能存在一个特定的表面粗糙度阈值，低于该阈值和高于该阈值时，初始细菌黏附在统计学上不会发生变化。本研究评估了12种市售和2种定制设计的种植体表面的物理化学性质和初始细菌黏附情况，以口腔链球菌（S. oralis）作为代表，它是导致菌斑和生物膜形成的连续细菌群落波中的主要初始定植菌。将种植体浸入口腔链球菌悬浮液中4小时，之后评估微生物活力。观察到表面粗糙度、化学成分、润湿性和口腔链球菌黏附存在显著差异。尽管情况复杂，但在4小时后，Sa > 1μm的表面比Sa < 1μm的表面有更多的黏附细菌。与没有这些特征的表面相比，在双酸蚀刻表面添加纳米拓扑结构进一步降低了细菌黏附。化学成分和润湿性的作用不如粗糙度有影响力。总之，在Sa = 1μm左右存在一个临界粗糙度阈值，高于该阈值时细菌黏附显著增加至平稳水平；而低于该阈值时，尽管种植体颈部表面质地不同，但细菌黏附与机械加工表面相当。
