Evans Elaine C, Strange James P, Sadd Ben M, Tripodi Amber D, Figueroa Laura L, Adams Laurie Davies, Colla Sheila R, Duennes Michelle A, Lehmann David M, Moylett Heather, Richardson Leif, Smith James W, Smith Tamara A, Spevak Edward M, Inouye David W
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA.
Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43214.
J Pollinat Ecol. 2023 Sep 2;33(3):37-53. doi: 10.26786/1920-7603(2023)710.
Bumble bees are important pollinators for a great diversity of wild and cultivated plants, and in many parts of the world certain species have been found to be in decline, gone locally extinct, or even globally extinct. A large number of symbionts live on, in, or with these social bees. We give an overview of what is known about bumble bee ecto-symbionts and parasitoids. We provide information on assessment of risks posed by select bumble bee symbionts and methods for their detection, quantification, and control. In addition, we assess honey bee hive products such as pollen and wax that are used in commercial bumble bee production, and highlight key risks and knowledge gaps. Knowledge of these potential threats to native pollinators is important and they need to be managed in the context of national and international commercial trade in bumble bees to prevent pest introduction and pathogen spillover that can threaten native bees.
大黄蜂是多种野生和栽培植物的重要传粉者，在世界许多地区，某些物种已被发现数量在减少、在当地灭绝，甚至全球灭绝。大量共生生物生活在这些群居蜜蜂身上、体内或与它们共生。我们概述了已知的大黄蜂外共生生物和寄生生物。我们提供有关选定大黄蜂共生生物所构成风险的评估信息以及它们的检测、量化和控制方法。此外，我们评估了用于商业大黄蜂生产的蜜蜂蜂巢产品，如花粉和蜂蜡，并突出了关键风险和知识空白。了解这些对本地传粉者的潜在威胁很重要，并且需要在大黄蜂的国内和国际贸易背景下对其进行管理，以防止可能威胁本地蜜蜂的害虫引入和病原体溢出。
