巴布亚新几内亚利希尔群岛疟疾传播的人类和昆虫学决定因素：一项横断面研究。

Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Millat-Martínez Pere, Katusele Michelle, Kasian Bernadine, Omera Elias, Jamea Esther, Lorry Lina, Casellas Aina, Ouchi Dan, Wali Chilaka, Raulo Sylvia, Elizah Arthur, Kaman Peter, Dau Absalom, Sakur Muker, Kilepak Lemen, Yabu Siub, Koata Nelson, Kave John, Toa Michael, Urakusie Christopher, Kongs Charles, Kisba Frank, Laman Moses, Mitjà Oriol, Pomat William, Bassat Quique, Karl Stephan, Baro Bàrbara

机构信息

ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.

Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

出版信息

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jan 3;19(1):e0012277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012277. eCollection 2025 Jan.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012277

PMID:39752628

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11734946/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

METHODS

In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). A logistic regression analysis identified infection-associated factors. Anopheles species distribution, biting behaviours, and sporozoite carriage were assessed through human landing catches and larval surveys.

RESULTS

Overall malaria prevalence (any species) was 3.6% by RDT, 4.5% by microscopy, and 15.0% by qPCR. P. vivax accounted for 37.1% of infections, P. falciparum for 34.6%, P. malariae for 3.0%, P. ovale 0.2%, and mixed infections for 24.5%. Prevalence (qPCR) varied across geographic areas, from 8.5% in the mine-impacted zone (MIZ) to 27.0% in the non-MIZ. Other factors independently associated with infection risk included cohabiting with an infected individual (aOR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.56-2.42), and residing in traditional housing (aOR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.21-2.25). Children had double the infection risk compared to adults, and the use of long-lasting insecticidal-treated nets did not decrease risk of infection. An. punctulatus was the major vector in one of the four geographical areas; while An. farauti was predominant in the rest of them, both with an early biting behaviour but with different biting intensities by geographical area. Entomological inoculation rates ranged from 26.9 (95%CI: 12.3-45.2) infective bites per person-year in the MIZ to 441.3 (95%CI: 315.7-572.1) in the non-MIZ.

CONCLUSIONS

Malaria transmission and infection was lower in the MIZ compared to other areas. Measures focusing on at-risk groups, including vector-control and transmission interruption methods, could be taken into account by the mine and the healthcare authorities to reduce malaria burden outside the MIZ.

摘要

背景

巴布亚新几内亚的利希尔群岛位于疟疾高负担地区，且有大型采矿作业，这为研究疟疾传播提供了独特机会。在那里，我们调查了影响疟疾传播的人类和病媒因素。

方法

2019年，对2914人进行了一项横断面研究，通过快速诊断检测（RDT）、显微镜检查和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）评估疟疾患病率。逻辑回归分析确定了与感染相关的因素。通过人饵诱捕和幼虫调查评估按蚊种类分布、叮咬行为和子孢子携带情况。

结果

通过RDT检测的总体疟疾患病率（任何种类）为3.6%，通过显微镜检查为4.5%，通过qPCR为15.0%。间日疟原虫占感染的37.1%，恶性疟原虫占34.6%，三日疟原虫占3.0%，卵形疟原虫占0.2%，混合感染占24.5%。患病率（qPCR）在不同地理区域有所不同，从矿区影响区（MIZ）的8.5%到非MIZ的27.0%。其他与感染风险独立相关的因素包括与感染个体同居（调整后比值比[aOR]=1.94，95%置信区间[CI]：1.56-2.42），以及居住在传统住房中（aOR=1.65，95%CI：1.21-2.25）。儿童的感染风险是成人的两倍，使用长效驱虫蚊帐并未降低感染风险。在四个地理区域之一，点斑按蚊是主要病媒；而在其他区域，法氏按蚊占主导，两者都有早期叮咬行为，但按地理区域不同，叮咬强度也不同。昆虫学接种率范围从MIZ的每人每年26.9（95%CI：12.3-45.2）次感染性叮咬到非MIZ的441.3（95%CI：315.7-572.1）次。