J E Sánchez-Gasca, Y Debray-García, I A Corona-Galvan, T M Uribe-Ramirez, M P Sierra-Vargas, O G Aztatzi-Aguilar
Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, AvInstituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col San Pedro ZacatencoCDMX, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Investigación en Toxicología y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CDMX, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jan 4. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04499-5.
Fluoride is emitted into the air not only through gas emissions but also from volcanic ash, leading to contact via inhalation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cellular and biochemical responses in the A549 cell line after exposure to NaF (sodium fluoride) concentrations lower than those previously used in other studies to determine the impact on the lung epithelium. A549 cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.0001 to 5 mM) of NaF for 24 h. No cytotoxicity was observed in the cells after exposure to NaF concentrations of 0.0001 to 1 mM. However, an increase in oxidative damage was observed at concentrations of 0.0001-0.001 and 1-5 mM. There were alterations in the antioxidant system related to glutathione synthesis, since there was a decrease in glutathione-s-transferase activity and γ-glutamyltransferase concentration at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Non-cytotoxic concentrations also resulted in an increase in the expression of the proteins pulmonary surfactant B and γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase. A reduction in PPARα was also observed, which coincided with a decrease in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids at the same NaF concentrations. Finally, IL-6 was the only interleukin with increased levels at all NaF concentrations. In general, an increase was also observed in the other interleukins, but only at concentrations of 0.1-5 mM. These results suggest that the lung epithelium may be a toxicological target of fluoride after exposure to low concentrations.
氟化物不仅通过气体排放进入空气，还会从火山灰中释放出来，导致通过吸入接触。因此，本研究的目的是评估A549细胞系在暴露于低于其他研究中使用的氟化钠（NaF）浓度后，细胞和生化反应，以确定对肺上皮的影响。将A549细胞暴露于不同浓度（0.0001至5 mM）的NaF中24小时。在暴露于0.0001至1 mM的NaF浓度后，未观察到细胞的细胞毒性。然而，在0.0001-0.001和1-5 mM的浓度下观察到氧化损伤增加。与谷胱甘肽合成相关的抗氧化系统发生了改变，因为在非细胞毒性浓度下谷胱甘肽 - s - 转移酶活性和γ - 谷氨酰转移酶浓度降低。非细胞毒性浓度还导致肺表面活性物质B和γ - 谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶蛋白的表达增加。还观察到PPARα的减少，这与相同NaF浓度下非酯化脂肪酸水平的降低一致。最后，IL - 6是在所有NaF浓度下水平均升高的唯一白细胞介素。一般来说，在其他白细胞介素中也观察到增加，但仅在0.1 - 5 mM的浓度下。这些结果表明，低浓度暴露后，肺上皮可能是氟化物的毒理学靶点。
