Motaharinia Amir, Drelich Jaroslaw W, Sharif Safian, Ismail Ahmad Fauzi, Naeimi Farid, Glover Alexandra, Ebrahiminejad Mahshid, Bakhsheshi-Rad Hamid Reza
Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America.
Mater Futur. 2025 Mar 1;4(1):012401. doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ad9493. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are revolutionizing the field of interventional surgeries in the medical industry. Their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a similar elastic modulus to natural bone make porous Mg-based structures potential candidates for orthopedic implants and tissue engineering scaffolding. However, fabricating and machining porous Mg-based structures is challenging due to their complexity and difficulties in achieving uniform or gradient porosity. This review aims to thoroughly explore various fabrication procedures used to create metallic scaffolds, with a specific focus on those made from Mg-based alloys. Both traditional manufacturing techniques, including the directional solidification of metal-gas eutectic technique, pattern casting, methods using space holders, and modern fabrication methods, which are based on additive manufacturing, are covered in this review article. Furthermore, the paper highlights the most important findings of recent studies on Mg-based scaffolds in terms of their microstructure specifications, mechanical properties, degradation and corrosion behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility (both and ). While extensive research has been conducted to optimize manufacturing parameters and qualities of Mg-based scaffolds for use in biomedical applications, specifically for bone tissue engineering applications, further investigation is needed to fabricate these scaffolds with specific properties, such as high resistance to corrosion, good antibacterial properties, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and the ability to elicit a favorable response from osteoblast-like cell lines. The review concludes with recommendations for future research in the field of medical applications.
镁（Mg）及其合金正在彻底改变医疗行业介入手术领域。它们具有高生物相容性、生物可降解性，且弹性模量与天然骨相似，这使得多孔镁基结构成为骨科植入物和组织工程支架的潜在候选材料。然而，由于多孔镁基结构的复杂性以及难以实现均匀或梯度孔隙率，其制造和加工具有挑战性。本综述旨在全面探索用于制造金属支架的各种制造工艺，特别关注基于镁基合金的支架。本文涵盖了传统制造技术，包括金属 - 气体共晶技术的定向凝固、熔模铸造、使用占位剂的方法，以及基于增材制造的现代制造方法。此外，本文还重点介绍了近期关于镁基支架在微观结构规格、力学性能、降解和腐蚀行为、抗菌活性以及生物相容性（体内和体外）方面的最重要研究发现。虽然已经进行了广泛研究以优化用于生物医学应用（特别是骨组织工程应用）的镁基支架的制造参数和质量，但仍需要进一步研究来制造具有特定性能的这些支架，例如高耐腐蚀性、良好的抗菌性能、骨传导性、骨诱导性以及能够引发成骨样细胞系良好反应的能力。综述最后对医疗应用领域的未来研究提出了建议。
