CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 2;13(1):8965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36120-5.
Fungal strains used in the biocontrol of animal gastrointestinal parasites have been mainly isolated from pasture soil, decaying organic matter, and feces from herbivores and carnivores. However, their isolation from birds and assessment of predatory activity against avian GI parasites has been scarce thus far. This research aimed to isolate filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and evaluate their predatory activity against coccidia. A pool of 58 fecal samples from chickens, laying hens, and peacocks, previously collected between July 2020-April 2021, were used for isolation of filamentous fungi and assessment of their in vitro predatory activity against coccidian oocysts, using Water-Agar medium and coprocultures. The Willis-flotation technique was also performed to obtain concentrated suspensions of oocysts. A total of seven Mucor isolates was obtained, being the only fungal taxa identified, and all presented lytic activity against coccidia. Isolates FR3, QP2 and SJ1 had significant coccidiostatic efficacies (inhibition of sporulation) higher than 70%, while isolates FR1, QP2 and QP1 had coccidicidal efficacies (destruction of the oocysts) of 22%, 14% and 8%, respectively, after 14 days of incubation, being a gradual and time-dependent process. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the isolation of native predatory fungi from avian feces and demonstration of their lytic activity against coccidia.
用于防治动物胃肠道寄生虫的真菌菌株主要从牧场土壤、腐烂有机物以及草食动物和肉食动物的粪便中分离得到。然而，迄今为止，从鸟类中分离这些菌株并评估其对禽胃肠道寄生虫的捕食活性的研究还很少。本研究旨在从鸟类粪便样本中分离丝状真菌，并评估它们对球虫的捕食活性。从 2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 4 月期间收集的鸡、蛋鸡和孔雀的 58 份粪便样本被用于丝状真菌的分离，并评估其对球虫卵囊的体外捕食活性，使用水琼脂培养基和粪便培养。还采用 Willis 浮选技术获得浓缩的卵囊悬浮液。共获得了 7 株毛霉分离株，是唯一鉴定出的真菌类群，所有分离株均对球虫具有裂解活性。分离株 FR3、QP2 和 SJ1 的抗球虫效果（孢子形成抑制）显著高于 70%，而分离株 FR1、QP2 和 QP1 的杀球虫效果（卵囊破坏）分别为 22%、14%和 8%，孵育 14 天后，这是一个逐渐和时间依赖的过程。据我们所知，这是首次从鸟类粪便中分离出本土捕食性真菌并证明其对球虫具有裂解活性的报道。
