Verschuur Jasper, Vittis Yiorgos, Obersteiner Michael, Hall Jim W
Oxford Programme for Sustainable Infrastructure Systems, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
Nat Food. 2025 Jan;6(1):36-46. doi: 10.1038/s43016-024-01087-7. Epub 2025 Jan 6.
Despite the growing accessibility of international grain and oilseed markets, high production costs and trade frictions are still prevalent, contributing to regional heterogeneities in the landed cost of grain imports. Here we quantify the landed cost for six grain commodities across 3,500 administrative regions, capturing regional cost differences to produce grain and transport it across international borders. We find large heterogeneities in the costs of imported grain, which are highest in Oceania, Central America and landlocked Africa. While some regions have uniform landed costs across sourcing locations, others face cost variations across trading partners, showing large inequalities in access. We find that most regions could benefit from a targeted approach to reduce landed cost while others benefit from a mixed strategies approach. Our results highlight that spatial information on production, trade and transport is essential to inform policies aiming to build an efficient and resilient global agricultural commodity trade system.
尽管国际谷物和油籽市场的准入性不断提高，但高生产成本和贸易摩擦仍然普遍存在，导致谷物进口到岸成本存在地区差异。在此，我们对3500个行政区的六种谷物商品的到岸成本进行了量化，捕捉了生产谷物并将其跨境运输的地区成本差异。我们发现进口谷物成本存在很大差异，在大洋洲、中美洲和内陆非洲最高。虽然一些地区在不同采购地点的到岸成本一致，但其他地区在不同贸易伙伴之间面临成本差异，显示出获取机会的巨大不平等。我们发现，大多数地区可以从有针对性的降低到岸成本方法中受益，而其他地区则受益于混合策略方法。我们的结果凸显，生产、贸易和运输方面的空间信息对于旨在建立高效且有韧性的全球农产品贸易体系的政策至关重要。
