Sarria-Sarria Fabio A, Morris Glenn K, Montealegre-Z Fernando
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, Lincolnshire, UK.
Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Dec 20;13(12):1071. doi: 10.3390/biology13121071.
Katydids employ acoustic signals to communicate with others of their species and have evolved to generate sounds by coupling the anatomical structures of their forewings. However, some species have evolved to implement an additional resonance mechanism that enhances the transmission and sound pressure of the acoustic signals produced by the primary resonators. Secondary resonators, such as burrow cavities or horn-shaped structures, are found in the surrounding environment but could also occur as anatomical modifications of their bodies. Chamber-like structures have been described in species of katydids with modified pronota or wings. It has been shown that these modified structures directly affect the transmission and filtering of acoustic signals and can function as a Helmholtz resonator that encapsulates the primary sound source. By morphological and acoustic analysis, we describe a new genus of Conocephalinae and investigate the physical properties of their sound production structures for three new species from the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Males of the new genus, here described as n. gen., have a characteristic inflated pronotum enclosing the reduced first pair of wings and extending rearward over the first abdominal segments. We test the hypothesis that the pronotal cavity volume correlates with the carrier frequency of specific calls. The cavity of the pronotal chamber acts as a Helmholtz resonator in all three species and, potentially, in other distantly related species, which use similar secondary body resonators.
螽斯利用声学信号与同种其他个体进行交流，并且已经进化出通过耦合其前翅的解剖结构来发出声音的能力。然而，一些物种已经进化出一种额外的共振机制，该机制增强了由主要共振器产生的声学信号的传播和声压。次级共振器，如洞穴或喇叭形结构，存在于周围环境中，但也可能作为它们身体的解剖学变异出现。在具有改良前胸背板或翅膀的螽斯物种中已经描述了类似腔室的结构。研究表明，这些改良结构直接影响声学信号的传播和过滤，并且可以起到封装主要声源的亥姆霍兹共振器的作用。通过形态学和声学分析，我们描述了康螽亚科的一个新属，并研究了来自哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的三个新物种的发声结构的物理特性。这里描述为新属的新属雄性具有特征性的膨胀前胸背板，包围着缩小的第一对翅膀，并向后延伸覆盖第一腹节。我们检验了前胸背板腔体积与特定叫声的载波频率相关的假设。前胸背板腔室在所有这三个物种中，并且可能在其他远缘相关物种中，充当亥姆霍兹共振器，这些物种使用类似的次级身体共振器。
