Flück Martin, Protte Christian, Giraud Marie-Noëlle, Gsponer Thomas, Dössegger Alain
Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland.
Physiogene, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Nov 28;15(12):1535. doi: 10.3390/genes15121535.
This study examines genetic variations in the systemic oxygen transport cascade during exhaustive exercise in physically trained tactical athletes. Research goal: To update the information on the distribution of influence of eleven polymorphisms in ten genes, namely ACE (rs1799752), AGT (rs699), MCT1 (rs1049434), HIF1A (rs11549465), COMT (rs4680), CKM (rs8111989), TNC (rs2104772), PTK2 (rs7460 and rs7843014), ACTN3 (rs1815739), and MSTN (rs1805086)-on the connected steps of oxygen transport during aerobic muscle work.
251 young, healthy tactical athletes (including 12 females) with a systematic physical training history underwent exercise tests, including standardized endurance running with a 12.6 kg vest. Key endurance performance metrics were assessed using ergospirometry, blood sampling, and near-infrared spectroscopy of knee and ankle extensor muscles. The influence of gene polymorphisms on the above performance metrics was analyzed using Bayesian analysis of variance.
Subjects exhibited good aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax): 4.3 ± 0.6 L min, peak aerobic power: 3.6 W ± 0.7 W kg). Energy supply-related gene polymorphisms rs1799752, rs4680, rs1049434, rs7843014, rs11549465, and rs8111989 did not follow the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate metabolic and contractile features were strongly associated with variability in oxygen transport and metabolism, such as body mass-related VO (rs7843014, rs2104772), cardiac output (rs7460), total muscle hemoglobin content (rs7460, rs4680), oxygen saturation in exercised muscle (rs1049434), and respiration exchange ratio (rs7843014, rs11549465) at first or secondary ventilatory thresholds or VOmax. Moderate influences were found for mass-related power output.
The posterior distribution of effects from genetic modulators of aerobic metabolism and muscle contractility mostly confirmed prior opinions in the direction of association. The observed genetic effects of rs4680 and rs1049434 indicate a crucial role of dopamine- and lactate-modulated muscle perfusion and oxygen metabolism during running, suggesting self-selection in Swiss tactical athletes.
本研究调查了经过体能训练的战术运动员在力竭运动期间全身氧运输级联反应中的基因变异情况。研究目标：更新关于十个基因中十一种多态性的影响分布信息，这十个基因分别是ACE（rs1799752）、AGT（rs699）、MCT1（rs1049434）、HIF1A（rs11549465）、COMT（rs4680）、CKM（rs8111989）、TNC（rs2104772）、PTK2（rs7460和rs7843014）、ACTN3（rs1815739）以及MSTN（rs1805086），这些多态性对有氧肌肉工作期间氧运输的相关步骤产生影响。
251名有系统体能训练史的年轻健康战术运动员（包括12名女性）接受了运动测试，包括穿着12.6千克背心进行标准化耐力跑。使用气体代谢测定法、血液采样以及对膝关节和踝关节伸肌进行近红外光谱分析来评估关键耐力表现指标。使用贝叶斯方差分析来分析基因多态性对上述表现指标的影响。
受试者展现出良好的有氧适能（最大摄氧量（VOmax）：4.3±0.6升/分钟，峰值有氧功率：3.6瓦±0.7瓦/千克）。与能量供应相关的基因多态性rs1799752、rs4680、rs1049434、rs7843014、rs11549465和rs8111989不符合哈迪-温伯格平衡。调节代谢和收缩特征的基因多态性与氧运输和代谢的变异性密切相关，例如与体重相关的VO（rs7843014、rs2104772）、心输出量（rs7460）、总肌肉血红蛋白含量（rs7460、rs4680）、运动肌肉中的氧饱和度（rs1049434）以及在一级或二级通气阈值或VOmax时的呼吸交换率（rs7843014、rs11549465）。发现与体重相关的功率输出有中等影响。
有氧代谢和肌肉收缩性的基因调节因子的效应后验分布大多在关联方向上证实了先前的观点。观察到的rs4680和rs1049434的基因效应表明多巴胺和乳酸调节的肌肉灌注以及氧代谢在跑步过程中起关键作用，这表明瑞士战术运动员存在自我选择现象。
