Drakaki Eirini, Stavros Sofoklis, Dedousi Dimitra, Potiris Anastasios, Mavrogianni Despoina, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Moustakli Efthalia, Skentou Charikleia, Thomakos Nikolaos, Rodolakis Alexandros, Drakakis Peter, Domali Ekaterini
First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece.
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 12;13(24):7568. doi: 10.3390/jcm13247568.
Bisphenols, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), are among the most thoroughly investigated endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). BPA was the first synthetic estrogen to be identified, exerting its estrogenic effects through interaction with human estrogen receptors (ERs). The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the most recent literature regarding the adverse effects of bisphenols on female fertility and pregnancy outcomes. A review of the literature in the PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases was conducted in November 2024 and 15 studies were included in the present review. BPA levels were higher in women with diminished ovarian reserve, polycystic ovary syndrome, and recurrent miscarriages. Furthermore, one study showed a significant association between BPA levels and the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus. Higher levels of BPA are associated with disruptions to the female reproductive system, such as ovarian function, reduced number of antral follicles, and lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Bisphenols A and S were associated with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Bisphenols A and F were correlated with an increased risk of lower birth weight and bisphenol F seemed to be associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Ultimately, further research is necessary to fully understand the extent of the harmful effects that bisphenols have separately and as mixtures on the female reproductive system.
双酚类物质，尤其是双酚A（BPA），是研究最为深入的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）之一。双酚A是首个被鉴定出的合成雌激素，它通过与人类雌激素受体（ERs）相互作用发挥其雌激素效应。本叙述性综述的目的是总结关于双酚类物质对女性生育能力和妊娠结局不良影响的最新文献。2024年11月对PubMed/Medline和Scopus数据库中的文献进行了检索，本综述纳入了15项研究。卵巢储备功能减退、多囊卵巢综合征和复发性流产女性的双酚A水平较高。此外，一项研究表明双酚A水平与妊娠期糖尿病的发病之间存在显著关联。较高水平的双酚A与女性生殖系统紊乱有关，如卵巢功能、窦卵泡数量减少以及抗苗勒管激素（AMH）水平降低。双酚A和双酚S与妊娠期糖尿病发病风险增加有关。双酚A和双酚F与低出生体重风险增加相关，双酚F似乎与早产风险增加有关。最终，有必要进行进一步研究，以全面了解双酚类物质单独及混合存在时对女性生殖系统产生有害影响的程度。
