Ben Natan Mayan, Masasa Matan, Shashar Nadav, Guttman Lior
Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 8855630, Israel.
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Center for Mariculture, P.O. Box 1212, Eilat 8811201, Israel.
Microorganisms. 2024 Nov 29;12(12):2460. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122460.
The red spotting disease harms sea urchins to the extent of mass mortality in the ocean and echinocultures, accompanied by environmental damage and economic losses. The current study emphasizes the antimicrobial resistance of three isolated bacteria, closely related to , , and , associated with red spotting in the cultured sea urchin . In vitro trials examined the susceptibility of these bacterial isolates to various antibiotics. In addition, using an in silico examination, we revealed the arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes in available genomes of various pathogenic associated with diseases in sea urchins, fish, shellfish, and corals. These two approaches enabled the discussion of the similarities and differences between aquatic pathogenic and their antibiotic resistance. Among them, we revealed a core resistance to tetracyclines and penams by the in vitro examined strains. At the same time, the in silico study also supported this core resistance by the presence of the and genes in the bacterial genomes. Nevertheless, variability and specific resistance were evident at the species and strain levels in the bacteria and genomes. The in vitro trials highlighted the diverse resistance of the -like isolate to all examined antibiotics, while the other two isolates were found susceptible to nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole. The resistance of the -like isolate could not have been obtained in the genome of the proposed relative of VHJR7 that lacks the and genes, which enables such a resistance. A unique sensitivity of the -like isolate to erythromycin is proposed when compared to other isolated and genomes that seem capable of resisting this drug. According to the results, we propose nitrofurantoin or sulfamethoxazole for treating two of the red-spotting-associated isolates ( and -like), but not -like. We assume that a shared resistance to some antibiotics by Vibrios is gained by a horizontal gene transfer while previous exposures of a bacterial strain to a specific drug may induce the development of a unique resistance. Finally, we discuss the novel knowledge on antibiotic resistance in from the current research in light of the potential risks when using drugs for disease control in aquaculture.
红斑病对海胆造成危害，在海洋和海胆养殖环境中导致大量死亡，同时造成环境破坏和经济损失。当前研究着重关注与养殖海胆红斑病相关的三种分离细菌（与[具体细菌名称1]、[具体细菌名称2]和[具体细菌名称3]密切相关）的抗菌耐药性。体外试验检测了这些细菌分离株对多种抗生素的敏感性。此外，通过计算机模拟分析，我们揭示了与海胆、鱼类、贝类和珊瑚疾病相关的各种致病弧菌可用基因组中的抗菌耐药基因库。这两种方法有助于探讨水生致病弧菌及其抗生素耐药性之间的异同。其中，我们通过体外检测菌株揭示了对四环素和青霉素类的核心耐药性。同时，计算机模拟研究也通过细菌基因组中存在的[具体基因名称1]和[具体基因名称2]基因支持了这种核心耐药性。然而，在弧菌细菌和基因组的物种及菌株水平上，变异性和特异性耐药性很明显。体外试验突出了类[具体细菌名称1]分离株对所有检测抗生素的多样耐药性，而另外两种分离株对呋喃妥因和磺胺甲恶唑敏感。类[具体细菌名称1]分离株的耐药性在缺乏[具体基因名称3]和[具体基因名称4]基因（赋予这种耐药性）的拟[具体细菌名称1]相对菌株VHJR7的基因组中无法获得。与其他似乎能够抵抗这种药物的分离弧菌和[具体细菌名称2]基因组相比，类[具体细菌名称1]分离株对红霉素具有独特的敏感性。根据结果，我们建议用呋喃妥因或磺胺甲恶唑治疗与红斑病相关的两种分离株（[具体细菌名称2]和类[具体细菌名称1]），但不用于类[具体细菌名称3]。我们推测弧菌对某些抗生素的共同耐药性是通过水平基因转移获得的，而细菌菌株先前接触特定药物可能会诱导独特耐药性的产生。最后，鉴于在水产养殖中使用药物控制疾病时的潜在风险，我们根据当前研究讨论了弧菌抗生素耐药性方面的新知识。
