Reynoso Eduardo Canek, Delgado-Suárez Enrique Jesús, Hernández-Pérez Cindy Fabiola, Chavarin-Pineda Yaselda, Godoy-Lozano Elizabeth Ernestina, Fierros-Zárate Geny, Aguilar-Vera Omar Alejandro, Castillo-Ramírez Santiago, Gómez-Pedroso Luz Del Carmen Sierra, Sánchez-Zamorano Luisa María
Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Morelos 62100, Mexico.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 3;12(12):2485. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122485.
non-typhoidal is a major contributor to diarrheal diseases, with over 2600 serovars identified across diverse environments. In Mexico, serovars Newport and Anatum have shown a marked increase, especially in foodborne disease, posing a public health problem. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2021 to 2023 using active epidemiological surveillance to assess contamination in ground beef and pork at butcher shops nationwide. It involved isolation, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, comparative genomics, spatial distribution, antimicrobial-resistance genes, and pangenome analysis. A total of 402 non-typhoidal strains were isolated, including 59 Newport and 50 Anatum. After curating for redundancy, 45 Newport and 32 Anatum strains remained. We found that 75% of Newport strains exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), compared to 25% of Anatum strains. Newport also showed a broader distribution and stronger antibiotic-resistance capacity, particularly due to genes such as and . Our pangenome analysis showed a predominance of cell maintenance and survival-process genes in the accessory genome of both serotypes. Considering unique genes, Anatum and Newport showed a notorious abundance of genes with functions related to replication, recombination, and repair. The substantial rise of Anatum and Newport strains in meat samples for human consumption presents an epidemiological alert, highlighting the critical need for stringent surveillance programs to mitigate human and ecosystem health risks.
非伤寒型是腹泻病的主要致病因素，在不同环境中已鉴定出超过2600种血清型。在墨西哥，纽波特和阿纳托姆血清型显著增加，尤其是在食源性疾病方面，这构成了一个公共卫生问题。我们在2021年至2023年进行了一项横断面研究，采用主动流行病学监测来评估全国肉店中绞碎牛肉和猪肉的污染情况。研究包括分离、表型抗菌药物耐药性、比较基因组学、空间分布、抗菌药物耐药基因和泛基因组分析。共分离出402株非伤寒型菌株，其中包括59株纽波特菌株和50株阿纳托姆菌株。在去除冗余菌株后，剩余45株纽波特菌株和32株阿纳托姆菌株。我们发现，75%的纽波特菌株表现出多重耐药性（MDR），而阿纳托姆菌株的这一比例为25%。纽波特菌株还表现出更广泛的分布和更强的抗生素耐药能力，特别是由于诸如……等基因。我们的泛基因组分析表明，在这两种血清型的辅助基因组中，细胞维持和生存过程基因占主导地位。考虑到独特基因，阿纳托姆和纽波特菌株显示出大量与复制、重组和修复相关功能的基因。供人类食用的肉类样本中阿纳托姆和纽波特菌株的大量增加发出了流行病学警报，凸显了实施严格监测计划以降低对人类和生态系统健康风险的迫切需求。
