Xu Wujie, Zhang Demin, Su Haochang, Xu Yu, Hu Xiaojuan, Wen Guoliang, Cao Yucheng
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 13;12(12):2581. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122581.
In this study, an eight-week culture trial of juveniles was conducted in commercial intensive systems to compare the impacts of biochar and molasses addition on biofloc nitrifying bacteria and inorganic nitrogen dynamics under limited water exchange conditions. During the trial, the biofloc concentration (in terms of VSS and TSS), quantities of total bacteria (TB) and total (TV), and ratio of TV/TB in the culture water were lower in the biochar group compared to the molasses group. Metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial community composition of bioflocs showed higher α-diversity and complexity in the biochar group compared to the molasses group. Moreover, the abundance of nitrifying bacterial genera and functional genes in bioflocs was higher in the biochar group compared to the molasses group. Inorganic nitrogen dynamics showed that NH-N and NO-N were better controlled in the biochar group compared to the molasses group, as reflected by lower peaks of NH-N and NO-N and higher NO-N concentrations. Excellent production performance of shrimp was achieved, which in turn proved the reliable effect of biochar addition on the mediation of inorganic nitrogen transformation through nitrifying bacteria. These results showed that biochar addition could promote biofloc nitrifying bacteria and nitrification to more effectively control harmful nitrogen for shrimp efficient production. This study provides a practical example for the biochar application in biofloc-based systems for intensive aquaculture.
在本研究中，在商业集约化养殖系统中对幼虾进行了为期八周的养殖试验，以比较在有限换水条件下添加生物炭和糖蜜对生物絮团硝化细菌和无机氮动态的影响。试验期间，与糖蜜组相比，生物炭组养殖水中的生物絮团浓度（以挥发性悬浮固体和总悬浮固体计）、总细菌（TB）和总弧菌（TV）数量以及TV/TB比值均较低。宏基因组测序分析表明，与糖蜜组相比，生物炭组生物絮团的细菌群落组成显示出更高的α多样性和复杂性。此外，与糖蜜组相比，生物炭组生物絮团中硝化细菌属和功能基因的丰度更高。无机氮动态表明，与糖蜜组相比，生物炭组对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃⁻-N的控制更好，这体现在NH₄⁺-N和NO₃⁻-N的峰值较低以及NO₂⁻-N浓度较高。虾的生产性能优异，这反过来证明了添加生物炭对通过硝化细菌介导无机氮转化的可靠效果。这些结果表明，添加生物炭可以促进生物絮团硝化细菌和硝化作用，从而更有效地控制对虾高效生产中的有害氮。本研究为生物炭在基于生物絮团的集约化水产养殖系统中的应用提供了一个实例。
