Kaplan Jeffrey B, Assa Michael, Mruwat Noor, Sailer Miloslav, Regmi Suresh, Kridin Khalaf
Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel.
The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 16;12(12):2601. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122601.
Facultatively anaerobic spp. and anaerobic spp. are among the most prominent bacteria on human skin. Although skin microbes generally grow as multispecies biofilms, few studies have investigated the interaction between staphylococci and spp. in dual-species biofilms. Here, we measured the mono- and dual-species biofilm formation of four staphylococcal species (, , , and ) and two spp. ( and ) cultured in vitro under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The biofilms were quantitated by rinsing them to remove planktonic cells, detaching the biofilm bacteria via sonication, and enumerating the cells by dilution plating. When cultured alone, staphylococci formed biofilms under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas spp. formed biofilms only under anaerobic conditions. In co-culture, staphylococcal biofilm formation was unaffected by the presence of spp., regardless of oxygen availability. However, spp. biofilm formation was significantly enhanced in the presence of staphylococci, enabling robust growth under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Fluorescence confocal microscopy of the aerobic dual-species biofilms suggested that staphylococci create anaerobic niches at the base of the biofilm where can grow. These findings demonstrate that staphylococci facilitate the colonization of spp. in oxygen-rich environments, potentially explaining their presence in high numbers on the oxygen-exposed stratum corneum.
兼性厌氧菌和厌氧菌是人类皮肤上最主要的细菌种类。尽管皮肤微生物通常以多物种生物膜的形式生长，但很少有研究调查葡萄球菌与其他菌属在双物种生物膜中的相互作用。在此，我们测量了四种葡萄球菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌）和两种其他菌属（痤疮丙酸杆菌和颗粒丙酸杆菌）在有氧和无氧条件下体外培养时的单物种和双物种生物膜形成情况。通过冲洗生物膜以去除浮游细胞，利用超声处理使生物膜细菌脱离，并通过稀释平板法对细胞进行计数来对生物膜进行定量分析。单独培养时，葡萄球菌在有氧和无氧条件下均能形成生物膜，而其他菌属仅在无氧条件下形成生物膜。在共培养中，无论氧气供应情况如何，葡萄球菌生物膜的形成不受其他菌属存在的影响。然而，在葡萄球菌存在的情况下，其他菌属的生物膜形成显著增强，使其在无氧和有氧条件下均能茁壮生长。对有氧双物种生物膜的荧光共聚焦显微镜观察表明，葡萄球菌在生物膜底部形成了可使其他菌属生长的厌氧微环境。这些发现表明，葡萄球菌促进了其他菌属在富氧环境中的定殖，这可能解释了它们在暴露于氧气的角质层中大量存在的原因。
