Ługowska Katarzyna, Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk Elżbieta, Trafiałek Joanna, Kolanowski Wojciech
Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 15;16(24):4329. doi: 10.3390/nu16244329.
: Diet and physical activity (PA) significantly impact health. Unfortunately, a worrying trend of decreasing PA among children and adolescents, accompanied by unhealthy nutritional behavior, is observed worldwide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional behavior and body mass index (BMI) of adolescents aged 13 years in groups of extended and standard PA at school. : The study was conducted in six schools among adolescents born in 2007 ( = 213), in two groups of standard and extended PA at school (SPA and EPA), wherein each group received 4 and 10 h of physical education lessons per week, respectively. Their height and body mass were measured. BMI was calculated and compared with percentile charts. A questionnaire was used to assess nutritional behavior and extracurricular physical activity. : Approximately 62% of adolescents had a normal body weight, with SPA 58%, EPA 64%, overweight 13.63%, SPA 13.75%, EPA 13.50%, obesity 14.13%, SPA 19.25%, EPA 9%, and underweight 11.17%, SPA 8.85%, and EPA 13.50%. Among the potential health-promoting foods, dishes, and beverages, fruits and vegetables were the most frequently consumed items, whereas fish and legume dishes were the least consumed. Butter, white bread, sweets, cheeses, cold cuts, and sausages were all consumed very often. Fast food and lard were the least frequently consumed items. : A significant proportion of 13-year-olds were overweight or obese. Extended PA had a beneficial effect on BMI, but it had little effect on nutritional behavior among the studied adolescents. The adolescents exhibited moderate nutritional behaviors; however, it was more favorable in those exposed to extended PA at school than those exposed to standard PA. It is possible to argue that extending organized PA at school leads to increased PA during leisure time. It is recommended to increase PA for adolescents by doubling the mandatory number of physical education lessons or other sports activities in the school curriculum.
饮食和身体活动（PA）对健康有重大影响。不幸的是，全球范围内都观察到儿童和青少年中令人担忧的身体活动减少趋势，同时伴有不健康的营养行为。本研究的目的是评估学校中参加扩展型和标准型体育活动的13岁青少年的营养行为和体重指数（BMI）。
该研究在六所学校对2007年出生的青少年（n = 213）进行，分为学校标准体育活动组（SPA）和扩展体育活动组（EPA），其中每组每周分别接受4小时和10小时的体育课。测量了他们的身高和体重。计算BMI并与百分位图表进行比较。使用问卷评估营养行为和课外体育活动。
约62%的青少年体重正常，SPA组为58%，EPA组为64%；超重者占13.63%，SPA组为13.75%，EPA组为13.50%；肥胖者占14.13%，SPA组为19.25%，EPA组为9%；体重过轻者占11.17%，SPA组为8.85%，EPA组为13.50%。在潜在的促进健康的食物、菜肴和饮料中，水果和蔬菜是最常食用的项目，而鱼类和豆类菜肴的食用频率最低。黄油、白面包、糖果、奶酪、冷切肉和香肠的食用频率都很高。快餐和猪油的食用频率最低。
相当比例的13岁青少年超重或肥胖。扩展型体育活动对BMI有有益影响，但对所研究青少年的营养行为影响不大。青少年表现出中等程度的营养行为；然而，在学校参加扩展型体育活动的青少年比参加标准型体育活动的青少年更有利。可以认为，在学校增加有组织的体育活动会导致休闲时间的体育活动增加。建议通过将学校课程中体育课或其他体育活动的强制课时增加一倍来增加青少年的体育活动。
