Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 20;15(20):4450. doi: 10.3390/nu15204450.
To explore the food and nutrient characteristics of children and adolescents with or without overweight/obesity and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on overweight/obesity.
This study included children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who participated in provincial nutrition surveillance which included 90 counties (cities and districts) in Zhejiang Province with a provincial representative. Food consumption was assessed using three consecutive days of 24 h dietary recall, and nutrient intake was calculated using dietary recall in conjunction with the China Food Composition Table. Overweight/obesity was also investigated. Associations were evaluated using ordinal regression models.
The analysis included a total of 1827 children and adolescents. The overweight prevalence was 14.0% and the obesity prevalence was 10.1%. Children and adolescents with overweight/obesity were observed to have a higher intake of carbohydrates, iron, sodium, potassium, and magnesium (F = 3.464, 5.232, 5.619, 3.469, 3.934, < 0.05), as well as having a higher intake of the food group of cereals, tubers and beans, snacks, and salt (F = 7.348, 6.797, 3.413, < 0.05) compared to children and adolescents without overweight/obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders via ordinal regression models, children and adolescents with overweight/obesity were observed to have a higher intake of carbohydrates (Wald χ = 4.325, < 0.05). There were significant differences concerning the daily energy provided by snacks, the daily carbohydrate intake provided by snacks, the daily sodium intake provided by snacks, and the proportion of snacks to the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans (F = 8.305 6.316, 13.955, 3.692, < 0.05).
Children and adolescents with overweight/obesity have presented a high consumption of carbohydrates, which is associated with the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans. Snacks are the main factor leading to the high intake of the food group of cereals, tubers, and beans among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity.
探讨超重/肥胖和非超重/肥胖儿童青少年的食物和营养素特点，为超重/肥胖的预防策略制定提供科学依据。
本研究纳入了参加浙江省营养监测的 6-17 岁儿童青少年，该监测包含浙江省 90 个县（市、区），具有省级代表性。采用连续 3 天 24 小时膳食回忆法评估食物摄入情况，结合《中国食物成分表》计算营养素摄入量。同时还对超重/肥胖情况进行了调查。采用有序回归模型评估关联。
本分析共纳入了 1827 名儿童青少年。超重率为 14.0%，肥胖率为 10.1%。与非超重/肥胖儿童青少年相比，超重/肥胖儿童青少年的碳水化合物、铁、钠、钾和镁摄入量更高（F=3.464、5.232、5.619、3.469、3.934，均<0.05），谷类、薯类和豆类、零食和盐的食物组摄入量也更高（F=7.348、6.797、3.413，均<0.05）。通过有序回归模型调整潜在混杂因素后，超重/肥胖儿童青少年的碳水化合物摄入量更高（Wald χ=4.325，<0.05）。零食提供的每日能量、零食提供的每日碳水化合物摄入量、零食提供的每日钠摄入量以及零食在谷类、薯类和豆类食物组中的比例存在显著差异（F=8.305、6.316、13.955、3.692，均<0.05）。
超重/肥胖儿童青少年的碳水化合物摄入量较高，与谷类、薯类和豆类食物组有关。零食是导致超重/肥胖儿童青少年谷类、薯类和豆类食物组摄入量高的主要因素。
