Nowaczyk Marta, Cieślik Krystyna, Waszak Małgorzata
Institute of Health and Physical Education, Jan Amos Komenski University of Applied Sciences in Leszno, 64-100 Leszno, Poland.
Department of Biology and Anatomy, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.
Children (Basel). 2023 Apr 23;10(5):764. doi: 10.3390/children10050764.
(1) Background: Within the last 30 years, growing rates of child overweight and obesity have been observed as a very concerning phenomenon in most countries worldwide. The research aim was to assess what effect increased physical activity has on reducing body mass and adipose tissue in children between 10 and 11 years of age as well as to answer the question of whether physical activity could be considered as a factor in preventing child overweight and obesity when maintaining their existing diet and lifestyle. (2) Material and methods: There were 419 sports class primary school pupils in the experimental group who, in addition to four obligatory weekly physical education hours, attended six training hours. The control group comprised 485 children from parallel non-sports classes. In all pupils, height and weight measurements as well as physical fitness measurements were taken twice, at the beginning and end of the school year. Cole's method was used to assess the children's normal body weight. With the help of this method, children with excessive body weight were selected from the entire study group (N = 904), who additionally had skinfolds and adipose tissue measured using the BIA electrical bioimpedance method. The obtained results were interpreted using the variance analysis for repeated measurements and LSD test. (3) Results: The number of children with excessive body mass after 10 months of increased physical activity decreased (in the case of overweight: = 0.0014, obesity: = 0.0022), as did their skinfolds ( ≤ 0.001) and body fat ( ≤ 0.001), while their physical fitness considerably improved compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: The introduction of increased physical activity in the experimental group children when maintaining their existing diet and lifestyle contributed to reducing their obesity and overweight and, at the same time, proved to be an effective factor in the process of decreasing their excessive body mass.
(1) 背景：在过去30年里，儿童超重和肥胖率不断上升，这在全球大多数国家都是一个非常令人担忧的现象。本研究的目的是评估增加体育活动对10至11岁儿童体重减轻和脂肪组织减少有何影响，并回答在维持儿童现有饮食和生活方式的情况下，体育活动是否可被视为预防儿童超重和肥胖的一个因素这一问题。(2) 材料与方法：实验组有419名参加体育课的小学生，他们除了每周必修的4小时体育课外，还参加6小时训练。对照组由来自平行非体育课班级的485名儿童组成。在所有学生中，在学年开始和结束时分别进行了两次身高、体重测量以及体能测试。采用科尔方法评估儿童的正常体重。借助该方法，从整个研究组（N = 904）中挑选出体重超标儿童，另外使用生物电阻抗分析法（BIA）测量他们的皮褶厚度和脂肪组织。使用重复测量方差分析和最小显著差法（LSD）对所得结果进行解释。(3) 结果：增加体育活动10个月后，体重超标儿童数量减少（超重情况：= 0.0014，肥胖情况：= 0.0022），他们的皮褶厚度（≤ 0.001）和体脂（≤ 0.001）也减少，同时与对照组相比，他们的体能有显著改善。(4) 结论：在维持实验组儿童现有饮食和生活方式的情况下增加体育活动，有助于降低他们的肥胖和超重程度，同时被证明是减轻他们过量体重过程中的一个有效因素。
