Kumar Ashwani, Sheoran Parvender, Devi Sunita, Kumar Naresh, Malik Kapil, Rani Manu, Kumar Arvind, Dhansu Pooja, Kaushik Shruti, Bhardwaj Ajay Kumar, Mann Anita, Yadav Rajender Kumar
ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Ludhiana 141004, India.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;13(24):3523. doi: 10.3390/plants13243523.
In the face of declining crop yields, inefficient fertilizer usage, nutrient depletion, and limited water availability, the efficiency of conventional NPK fertilizers is a critical issue in India. The hypothesis of this study posits that nano-nitrogen could enhance growth and photosynthetic efficiency in crop plants compared to conventional fertilizers. For this, a randomized block design (RBD) field experiment was conducted with six treatments: no nitrogen (T1), 100% N through urea (T2), and varying levels of N replacement with nano-nitrogen (33%: T3; 50%: T4; 66%: T5; and 100%: T6). Morphological and physiological traits and yield attributes were measured at physiological maturity, and yield attributes were measured at harvest. Results showed that 33% nitrogen replacement with nano-nitrogen (T3) outperformed conventional urea (T2) in physiological traits and achieved higher grain yields (3789 kg/ha for rice and 4206 kg/ha for wheat) compared to T2 (3737 kg/ha for rice and 4183 kg/ha for wheat with 100% urea). Although T4 and T5 showed statistically similar yields, they were lower than T2 and T3 for rice, while 50%, 66%, and 100% replacements reduced wheat yield by 2.49%, 8.39%, and 41.26%, respectively, compared to T2. Key enzymes of N metabolism decreased with higher nano-nitrogen substitution. Maximum nitrogen availability was observed in T2 and T3. This study concludes that nano-nitrogen is an effective strategy to enhance growth, balancing productivity and environmental sustainability.
面对作物产量下降、肥料使用效率低下、养分耗竭和水资源有限的问题，传统氮磷钾肥料的效率在印度是一个关键问题。本研究的假设是，与传统肥料相比，纳米氮可以提高作物的生长和光合效率。为此，进行了一项随机区组设计（RBD）田间试验，设置了六种处理：不施氮（T1）、100%通过尿素施氮（T2）以及用纳米氮替代不同水平的氮（33%：T3；50%：T4；66%：T5；100%：T6）。在生理成熟期测量形态和生理性状，并在收获时测量产量属性。结果表明，用纳米氮替代33%的氮（T3）在生理性状方面优于传统尿素（T2），与T2（水稻为3737千克/公顷，小麦为4183千克/公顷，100%尿素）相比，实现了更高的谷物产量（水稻为3789千克/公顷，小麦为4206千克/公顷）。虽然T4和T5的产量在统计学上相似，但对于水稻来说，它们低于T2和T3，而与T2相比，50%、66%和100%的替代分别使小麦产量降低了2.49%、8.39%和41.26%。随着纳米氮替代水平的提高，氮代谢关键酶减少。在T2和T3中观察到最大的氮有效性。本研究得出结论，纳米氮是提高生长、平衡生产力和环境可持续性的有效策略。
