Teneva Olga, Petkova Zhana, Dobreva Ana, Dzhurmanski Anatoli, Stoyanova Liliya, Angelova-Romova Maria
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Institute for Roses and Aromatic Plants, Agricultural Academy, 49 Osvobozhdenie Blvd., 6100 Kazanlak, Bulgaria.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 22;13(24):3579. doi: 10.3390/plants13243579.
The Asteraceae family is a large plant family, with over 1600 genera and 25,000 species, most of which are generally herbaceous plants. This family's members are widely used in the human diet and medicine. One of the most popular representatives is L., known as 'Blessed Thistle'. It is a famous plant in the herbal world with some medical benefits, such as strong antioxidant and antidepressant effects, with antibacterial and antiseptic properties, a stimulant of appetite, with a good effect on the liver and the secretion of bile juices, etc. Therefore, this work aimed to fully characterize the chemical composition of the seeds of introduced in Bulgaria, some of the physicochemical characteristics, as well as the biologically active compounds. The main nutrient in the chemical composition was carbohydrates (68.5%), and half of their quantity was occupied by fibers (32.2%). Total proteins accounted for 16.4%, and the glyceride oil content was rather low-about 11.0%. The main fatty acids identified in the seed oil were linoleic (72.1%) and oleic acids (18.1%), and the amount of the polyunsaturated ones predominated (73.0%). The main lipid-soluble bioactive components were sterols (0.9%), phospholipids (1.9%), and tocopherols (492 mg/kg). β-Sitosterol (59.5%) and stigmasterol (19.4%) were the main sterols, and α-tocopherol (472 mg/kg) predominated in the tocopherol fraction. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (45.4%), followed by phosphatidylinositol (37.1%) and phosphatidylcholine (6.1%).
菊科是一个庞大的植物科，有超过1600个属和25000个物种，其中大多数通常是草本植物。该科植物在人类饮食和医学中被广泛应用。最受欢迎的代表之一是L.，被称为“神圣蓟”。它是草药界的著名植物，具有一些医学益处，如强大的抗氧化和抗抑郁作用，具有抗菌和防腐特性，是一种食欲刺激剂，对肝脏和胆汁分泌有良好效果等。因此，这项工作旨在全面表征引入保加利亚的L.种子的化学成分、一些理化特性以及生物活性化合物。化学成分中的主要营养成分是碳水化合物（68.5%），其中一半的含量由纤维占据（32.2%）。总蛋白质占16.4%，甘油酯油含量相当低，约为11.0%。种子油中鉴定出的主要脂肪酸是亚油酸（72.1%）和油酸（18.1%），多不饱和脂肪酸的含量占主导（73.0%）。主要的脂溶性生物活性成分是甾醇（0.9%）、磷脂（1.9%）和生育酚（492毫克/千克）。β-谷甾醇（59.5%）和豆甾醇（19.4%）是主要的甾醇，生育酚部分中α-生育酚（472毫克/千克）占主导。主要的磷脂是磷脂酰乙醇胺（45.4%），其次是磷脂酰肌醇（37.1%）和磷脂酰胆碱（6.1%）。
