Ponce David, Mendez-Lopez Magdalena, Lluch Javier, Juan M-Carmen
Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 12;24(24):7938. doi: 10.3390/s24247938.
A Mixed Reality (MR) application using an optical see-through headset was developed to assess short-term spatial memory. A study with 29 participants was conducted. Data from this study were compared to two previous studies using mobile Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) with headsets. When comparing the three technologies (MR, AR, VR) for the performance variables, there were no statistically significant differences for either the total number of correctly placed objects or the total number of attempts. However, the MR application required more time than the AR and VR applications in the evaluation phase and more time than the VR application in the learning phase. Our arguments for the longer time are the novelty of the MR application for the participants and the characteristics of the applications. The key results from the MR study include the following: (1) the objects used in the MR application were correctly positioned on a map, which implies that the memory acquired with the MR application is effectively transferred to the user's mental map; (2) for the performance variables, there were no significant differences in the results by gender; (3) and the usability rating decreased with computer experience. The results show that the MR application is effective for spatial memory assessment and was well rated by the participants. The three technologies, along with suitable hardware, are effective for spatial memory assessment. However, MR using optical see-through headsets offers advantages over mobile AR and VR using headsets, discussed in this publication.
开发了一种使用光学透视头戴式设备的混合现实（MR）应用程序来评估短期空间记忆。对29名参与者进行了一项研究。本研究的数据与之前两项分别使用移动增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）头戴式设备的研究进行了比较。在比较这三种技术（MR、AR、VR）的性能变量时，正确放置物体的总数或尝试的总数均无统计学上的显著差异。然而，MR应用程序在评估阶段比AR和VR应用程序需要更多时间，在学习阶段比VR应用程序需要更多时间。我们认为时间较长的原因是MR应用程序对参与者来说具有新颖性以及应用程序的特性。MR研究的关键结果如下：（1）MR应用程序中使用的物体在地图上被正确定位，这意味着通过MR应用程序获得的记忆有效地转移到了用户的心理地图中；（2）对于性能变量，按性别划分的结果没有显著差异；（3）可用性评分随着计算机使用经验的增加而降低。结果表明，MR应用程序对空间记忆评估有效，并且得到了参与者的良好评价。这三种技术，连同合适的硬件，对空间记忆评估都是有效的。然而，如本出版物中所讨论的，使用光学透视头戴式设备的MR比使用头戴式设备的移动AR和VR具有优势。
