Brosnan Bradley, Meredith-Jones Kim A, Haszard Jillian J, Wickham Shay-Ruby, Galland Barbara C, Russell-Camp Takiwai, Taylor Rachael W
Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
Hazard Biostatistics, Kaka Point, New Zealand.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Jan 7;22(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12966-024-01698-0.
Although evening screen time is thought to impair subsequent sleep, current measures are limited to questionnaires which seem unlikely to accurately assess screen time in youth. Given the ubiquitous nature of digital devices, improving measurement of screen time is required before related health effects can be appropriately determined. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify screen time before sleep using video camera footage.
This repeated-measures observational study in healthy adolescents (11-14 years) from Dunedin, New Zealand measured screen time on four evenings over one week in the home environment from March-December 2021. Wearable and stationary PatrolEyes video cameras captured screen time from two hours before bedtime until sleep and manually coded for device type (phone, tablet, laptop computer, desktop computer, handheld gaming console, gaming console, television and other) and screen activity (watching, listening, reading, educational/creative, browsing, communication, social media, video gaming, multitasking) using a reliable coding schedule (κ ≥ 0.8). Descriptive findings are reported.
Among the 83 participants (mean 12.3 [SD 1.0] years, 42% female, 52% New Zealand European, 37% Māori [indigenous]), 82 used screens in the two hours before bed on 308 of 344 (90%) nights for a mean of 54.4 min (SD 25.5). Televisions (median 37 min, 56% of nights), phones (19 min, 64% nights), and multitasking using multiple devices (19 min, 48% nights) were most commonly used (> 75% of adolescents). Once in bed but before trying to sleep, 58% of adolescents engaged in screen time for 17 (26.3) minutes on 36% of nights. The most common screen activities were watching (32.5%), social media (26.5%) and communication (20.5%). Even after attempting sleep, 32.5% of participants used screens for 8.0 min (median) on 16% of nights, mostly listening on phones.
Objective video cameras offer detailed insight into evening screen habits, capturing frequency, content, and duration. Youth frequently engage with screens before bed and throughout the night on a range of activities, despite recommendations to restrict screen time prior to sleep.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (anzctr.org.au), AACTRN12621000193875, Registered 23 February 2021, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380926&isReview=true .
尽管人们认为夜间的屏幕使用时间会影响随后的睡眠，但目前的测量方法仅限于问卷调查，而问卷调查似乎不太可能准确评估青少年的屏幕使用时间。鉴于数字设备的普及性，在能够适当地确定相关健康影响之前，需要改进屏幕使用时间的测量方法。本研究的目的是使用摄像机镜头客观地量化睡前的屏幕使用时间。
这项重复测量的观察性研究对来自新西兰达尼丁的健康青少年（11至14岁）进行，于2021年3月至12月在家庭环境中，在一周内的四个晚上测量屏幕使用时间。可穿戴式和固定式PatrolEyes摄像机记录从睡前两小时到入睡期间的屏幕使用时间，并使用可靠的编码方案（κ≥0.8）对手持设备类型（手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑、手持游戏机、游戏机、电视及其他）和屏幕活动（观看、收听、阅读、教育/创作、浏览、通信、社交媒体、电子游戏、多任务处理）进行人工编码。报告描述性研究结果。
在83名参与者（平均年龄12.3[标准差1.0]岁，42%为女性，52%为新西兰欧洲人，37%为毛利人[原住民]）中，82人在344个晚上中的308个晚上（90%）在睡前两小时内使用了屏幕，平均使用时间为54.4分钟（标准差25.5）。电视（中位数37分钟，占晚上的56%）、手机（19分钟，占晚上的64%）以及使用多种设备进行多任务处理（19分钟，占晚上的48%）是最常用的（超过75%的青少年）。躺在床上但尚未尝试入睡时，58%的青少年在36%的晚上进行了17（26.3）分钟的屏幕使用。最常见的屏幕活动是观看（32.5%）、社交媒体（26.5%）和通信（20.5%）。即使在尝试入睡后，32.5%的参与者在16%的晚上使用屏幕8.0分钟（中位数），主要是通过手机收听。
客观的摄像机能够深入洞察夜间屏幕使用习惯，记录使用频率、内容和时长。尽管有建议限制睡前屏幕使用时间，但青少年仍经常在睡前及整个夜间进行一系列屏幕相关活动。
澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册中心（anzctr.org.au），注册号AACTRN12621000193875，于2021年2月23日注册，https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380926&isReview=true 。
