School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Designworks Group Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia.
JMIR Dermatol. 2021 May 26;4(1):e24653. doi: 10.2196/24653.
Photography using a UV transmitting filter allows UV light to pass and can be used to illuminate UV blocking lotions such as sunscreens.
The aim of this study is to compare currently available UV photography cameras and assess whether these devices can be used as visualization tools for adequate coverage of sun protection lotions.
This study was conducted in 3 parts: in phase 1, 3 different UV cameras were tested; in phase 2, we explored whether UV photography could work on a range of sun protection products; and in phase 3, a UV webcam was developed and was field-tested in a beach setting. In phase 1, volunteers were recruited, and researchers applied 3 sun protection products (ranging from sun protection factor [SPF] 15 to 50+) to the participants' faces and arms. UV photography was performed using 3 UV cameras, and the subsequent images were compared. In phase 2, volunteers were recruited and asked to apply their own SPF products to their faces in their usual manner. UV photographs were collected in the morning and afternoon to assess whether the coverage remained over time. Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the participants' level of satisfaction with the UV image. In phase 3, a small portable UV webcam was designed using a plug-and-play approach to enable the viewing of UV images on a larger screen. The developed webcam was deployed at a public beach setting for use by the public for 7 days.
The 3 UV camera systems tested during phase 1 identified the application of a range of sun protection lotions of SPF 15 to 50+. The sensitivity of the UV camera devices was shown to be adequate, with SPF-containing products applied at concentrations of 2 and 1 mg/cm clearly visible and SPF-containing products applied at a concentration of 0.4 mg/cm having lower levels of coverage. Participants in phase 2 reported high satisfaction with the UV photography images, with 83% (29/35) of participants likely to use UV photography in the future. During phase 2, it was noted that many participants used tinted SPF-containing cosmetics, and several tinted products were further tested. However, it was observed that UV photography could not identify the areas missed for all tinted products. During phase 3, the electrical components of the UV webcam remained operational, and the camera was used 233 times by the public during field-testing.
In this study, we found that UV photography could identify the areas missed by sun protection lotions with chemical filters, and participants were engaged with personalized feedback.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000975190; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377089 ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000145101; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376672.
使用紫外线透射滤光片拍摄的照片可以让紫外线透过，因此可以用来照射防晒霜等紫外线阻隔产品。
本研究旨在比较目前市场上的紫外线摄影相机，并评估这些设备是否可作为可视化工具，以确保防晒霜得到充分覆盖。
本研究分为 3 个部分进行：第 1 阶段，测试了 3 种不同的紫外线相机；第 2 阶段，探索了紫外线摄影是否可以用于多种防晒产品；第 3 阶段，开发了一种紫外线网络摄像头，并在海滩环境中进行了实地测试。在第 1 阶段，招募志愿者，研究人员在志愿者的面部和手臂上涂抹 3 种防晒产品（防晒系数 [SPF] 从 15 到 50+不等），然后使用 3 种紫外线相机进行紫外线摄影，并对后续拍摄的图像进行比较。在第 2 阶段，招募志愿者，请他们按照自己的常规方式在面部涂抹自己的防晒产品。早上和下午收集紫外线照片，以评估随着时间的推移，防晒产品的覆盖范围是否保持不变。通过定性访谈评估参与者对紫外线图像的满意度。在第 3 阶段，使用即插即用的方法设计了一个小型便携式紫外线网络摄像头，以便在更大的屏幕上查看紫外线图像。开发的网络摄像头在公共海滩设置中使用了 7 天，供公众使用。
在第 1 阶段测试的 3 种紫外线相机系统能够识别 SPF 15 到 50+的各种防晒乳液的涂抹情况。紫外线相机设备的灵敏度被证明是足够的，涂抹浓度为 2 和 1 毫克/平方厘米的含 SPF 产品清晰可见，而涂抹浓度为 0.4 毫克/平方厘米的含 SPF 产品的覆盖范围较低。第 2 阶段的参与者对紫外线摄影图像的满意度很高，83%（29/35）的参与者表示将来可能会使用紫外线摄影。在第 2 阶段，研究人员注意到许多参与者使用了有色防晒霜，因此对一些有色产品进行了进一步测试。然而，观察到紫外线摄影无法识别所有有色产品的遗漏区域。在第 3 阶段，紫外线网络摄像头的电子元件保持正常运行，在实地测试期间，公众共使用了 233 次该网络摄像头。
本研究发现，紫外线摄影可以识别防晒霜涂抹遗漏的区域，同时参与者对个性化的反馈很感兴趣。
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心（ANZCTR）ACTRN12619000975190；https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377089；澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心（ANZCTR）ACTRN12619000145101；https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376672。
