Kannan Gowtham, Paul Benedict Mathews, Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jan;33(1):145-162. doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01635-4. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is a kind of transcription factor which resides in cytoplasm of each cell and on activation, it translocates to the nucleus. It is activated by a many inducible agents including endotoxins, inflammatory stimuli, carcinogens, pathogens, nicotine, and tumour promoters, etc. NF-kB is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways which has different signalling compounds and its biological functions. It controls the expression of 400 different genes including various enzymes, cytokines, viral proteins, regulatory molecules involved in the cell cycle etc. This pathway is linked with various ailments including respiratory diseases, inflammatory diseases, auto immune diseases, cancer and diabetes. NF-kB factor and signalling pathway are the mainstream of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Human subjects have been able to curb inflammation through inflammaging with the help of the phytomolecules interacting with the NF-κB pathway by adjusting the inflammation processes and alleviating aging stresses in cells. They successfully inhibit the activation of NF-κB, thereby curtailing chronic low-grade inflammation underlying both ageing and age-related disease processes. These phytocompounds discussed herewith not only down-regulate NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory pathways but also help build resilience at cellular levels, therefore, offering enhanced healthspan with late commencement of inflammaging pathogenesis. This review describes what stimulation and regulation of the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB) Pathway and its roles in the pathogenesis of human age related diseases. We also review the recent progress in attenuating the molecular mechanisms of the NF-kB Pathway by phytochemicals, which may open up novel therapeutic avenues.
核因子κB（NF-κB）是一种转录因子，存在于每个细胞的细胞质中，激活后会转移至细胞核。它可被多种诱导剂激活，包括内毒素、炎症刺激物、致癌物、病原体、尼古丁和肿瘤启动子等。NF-κB通过经典和非经典信号通路被激活，这两种通路具有不同的信号传导化合物及其生物学功能。它控制着400种不同基因的表达，包括各种酶、细胞因子、病毒蛋白、参与细胞周期的调节分子等。该通路与多种疾病相关，包括呼吸系统疾病、炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、癌症和糖尿病。NF-κB因子和信号通路是先天性和适应性免疫反应的主流。人类能够借助与NF-κB通路相互作用的植物分子，通过炎症衰老来抑制炎症，调节炎症过程并减轻细胞中的衰老应激。它们成功抑制了NF-κB的激活，从而减少了衰老和与年龄相关疾病过程中潜在的慢性低度炎症。本文讨论的这些植物化合物不仅下调NF-κB依赖性促炎通路，还有助于在细胞水平建立抵抗力，因此，在炎症衰老发病机制较晚开始时可延长健康寿命。这篇综述描述了核因子κB（NF-κB）通路的刺激和调节及其在人类年龄相关疾病发病机制中的作用。我们还综述了植物化学物质在减弱NF-κB通路分子机制方面的最新进展，这可能会开辟新的治疗途径。
