Young Deborah Rohm, Sidell Margo A, Jimenez Jennifer J, Fauresviun Edith, Tayag Justin N, Wang May L, Cohen Deborah A, Xiang Anny, Fortmann Stephen P
Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S. Los Robles, Pasadena CA 91101, USA.
Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
J Community Med Public Health. 2024;8(3). doi: 10.29011/2577-2228.100471. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Health behavior change theories provide a conceptual basis to promote physical activity, one of which is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This cross-sectional study compared SDT constructs, specifically exercise goal setting, exercise planning, and outcome expectations, with objectively assessed Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) among a demographically diverse cohort of adults.
Participants were 18 to 74 years with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes not prescribed insulin and were physically inactive by self-report. MVPA was assessed with accelerometers. Exercise goal setting, exercise planning, outcome expectancies, and demographics were obtained by survey. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the SDT constructs and daily MVPA, adjusted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, and diabetes status.
The study included 451 participants, with a mean age of 53.2 years; 77% were women. Most (56%) reported Hispanic ethnicity, 20% were Black or African American, 18% white, and 7% other/unknown. On average, participants engaged in 24.5 (SD, 18.48) daily MPVA minutes. The cohort was most positive for exercise outcomes expectancies (mean 3.95 SD, 0.70) and least positive for exercise goal setting (mean 2.10, SD, 0.95). A 1-unit higher exercise goal setting score was associated with 3.05 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.81) more daily MVPA minutes. A 1-unit higher exercise planning score was associated with 3.16 (95% CI: -0.11, 6.33; p=0.05) more daily MVPA minutes. There were no substantive differences by gender, race, ethnicity, or education status.
We found support for SDT constructs among adults with racial, ethnic, age, and educational diversity.
健康行为改变理论为促进身体活动提供了概念基础，其中之一是自我决定理论（SDT）。这项横断面研究在一个人口统计学特征多样的成年人群体中，比较了自我决定理论的各个构成要素，特别是运动目标设定、运动计划和结果期望，与通过客观评估得出的中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）情况。
参与者年龄在18至74岁之间，患有糖尿病前期或2型糖尿病且未使用胰岛素治疗，并且自我报告称身体不活跃。通过加速度计评估中度至剧烈身体活动情况。通过调查获取运动目标设定、运动计划、结果期望和人口统计学信息。使用线性回归模型评估自我决定理论构成要素与每日中度至剧烈身体活动之间的关联，并对年龄、性别、种族和族裔、教育程度以及糖尿病状况进行了调整。
该研究纳入了451名参与者，平均年龄为53.2岁；77%为女性。大多数（56%）报告为西班牙裔，20%为黑人或非裔美国人，18%为白人，7%为其他/未知。参与者平均每天进行24.5（标准差，18.48）分钟的中度至剧烈身体活动。该群体对运动结果期望最为积极（平均3.95，标准差0.70），对运动目标设定最不积极（平均2.10，标准差0.95）。运动目标设定得分每提高1个单位，与每日中度至剧烈身体活动时间增加3.05（95%置信区间：1.29，4.81）分钟相关。运动计划得分每提高1个单位，与每日中度至剧烈身体活动时间增加3.16（95%置信区间：-0.11，6.33；p=0.05）分钟相关。在性别、种族、族裔或教育程度方面没有实质性差异。
我们在具有种族、族裔、年龄和教育多样性的成年人中发现了对自我决定理论构成要素的支持。
