A laser-induced ultrasonic probe of the mechanical properties of aligned lipid multibilayers.

The recently developed laser-induced phonon spectroscopy (LIPS) technique is applied to the determination of dynamic mechanical properties of aligned dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) multibilayer arrays containing 2 and 20% water by weight. Sample excitation by two crossed 100-ps laser pulses generates a longitudinal ultrasonic wave whose wavelength depends on the crossing angle. In these experiments, the acoustic wave propagates parallel to the bilayer planes. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation are monitored through the diffraction of a variably delayed probe pulse by the acoustic grating. The velocity measures the lateral area compressibility of the bilayers, while the attenuation is related to the viscosity. Velocities obtained in the gel and liquid crystal phases are compared with those found previously using Brillouin scattering. The acoustic attenuation is shown to be an order of magnitude more sensitive to the gel-liquid crystal phase transition than the velocity. The lipid area compressibility and viscosity of DLPC-20% water multilayers with and without 100 mM CaCl2 are found to be identical within our experimental error.