Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency in Half-Tandem MAPbI/ MASnI Perovskite solar cells with triple core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles.

Significant progress has been made through the optimization of modelling and device architecture solar cells has proven to be a valuable and highly effective approach for gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying physical processes in solar cells. Consequently, this research has conducted a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) simulation to develop an accurate model. The approach utilized in this study is based on the finite element method (FEM). Initially, a new configuration was introduced by incorporating a CHNHSnI layer as the absorber within the PSC structure, forming a parallel architecture. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC increased up to 26.89%. The light trapping process plays an essential role in enhancing the performance of PSCs. For this purpose, we utilized arrays of metal nanostructures on the active layer (AL) which resulted in significantly enhancing light absorption within these layers. In this research, the influence of nanoparticles position within the AL, the radius of nanoparticles and their composition (gold (Au) and silver (Ag)) on enhancing absorption in PSCs are examined by determining the cross-sectional area of light scattering and absorption on Au and Ag nanoparticles. The optimal position for the plasmonic nanoparticles was determined to be inside the MASnI as the complementary AL, 60 nm for the radius and Ag as champion composition. As a result of these modifications, the PCE reached 29.52%, representing an approximate 64% improvement compared to the planar structure. Subsequently, dielectric-metal-dielectric nanoparticles were introduced into the MASnI layer, replacing the previously embedded metallic nanoparticles, in order to enhance their chemical and thermal stability. According to optical-electrical simulation results, the short-circuit current density (J) of the proposed parallel PSC, featuring triple core-shell nanoparticles composed of TiO@Ag@TiO and SiO@Ag@SiO, has been improved by approximately 40% and 41.5%, respectively, compared to a PSC lacking nanoparticles. Moreover, under optimal conditions for the PSC, the open-circuit voltage (V), J, fill factor (FF), and PCE were simulated at 1.01 V, 35.17 mA/cm², 84.16, and 30.18%, respectively. This approach paves the way for advancements in the development of perovskite solar cells, offering significant potential for practical applications and enhanced efficiency.